Antivirals Flashcards by Victoria Rayan

Characterics of common viruses

virus cannot replicate on its own
enters host cell to use host DNA to replicate
makes them very hard to kill

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T or F antivirals kill the disease for most viral diseases

F, usually puts it in remission

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Antivirals for RSV and Flu

Amantadine
Oseltamivir
Peramivir
Rimantadine
zanamivir

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What is Peramivir associated with

Stevens Johnson Syndrome

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What are the actions of anti flu/RSV

stop viral replication

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ADE of Antiviral Flu/RSV

Dizzy/insomnia/N/ortho hypoTN/urinary retention

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Agents for Herpes/Cytomegalovirus

Acyclovir
Ganciclovir
Valacyclovir
Valganciclovir

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Assess for Antiflu/RSV

contras/cautions
physical assessment
monitor renal/hepatic labs

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Implementation of anti flu/RSV

start drug as soon as s/s start

admin full course of the drug

admin flu a vaccine before flu season

pt teaching about appropriate dosage

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Indications of Antiviral for HSV/CMV

inhibit viral DNA

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Contraindications of Antivirals for HSV/CMV

known allergy, highly toxic for pregnancy/lact, renal disease, dizzy/HA

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ADE of antivirals for Herpes

N/V/HA/rash/hair loss/paresthsias/neuropathy/renal dysfunction

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DDi of Antiviral for herpes

nephrotoxic drugs
zidovudine

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What is a priority to check for Herpes meds?

Renal labs/function
lesions and assessing the lesions

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T or F is good hydration important for herpes meds?

yes decreases chance of developing renal toxicity

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When should herpes meds be implemented

as soon as a diagnosis

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What is important to test about herpes meds?

The patient can still transmit the virus

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What is the goal of herpes meds and to eval?

Decrease the recurrence and severity of the s/s of recurrence

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Which lab test determines that pt will be able to fight off HIV/AIDs

CD4 elvels

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Agents for HIV/AIDS

Nonucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Protease Inhibitors

Fusion inhibitors
CCR5 coreceptor antagonists

Integrase strand transfer inhibitors

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T or F combo therapy is best for HIV/AIDS

Combo therapy attacks the virus at different stages of life

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Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Delavirdine
Efavirenz
Nevirapine

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Actions of Nonnucleoside Rev. Transcriptase

bind directly to HIV reverse transcriptase blocking RNA/DNA to prevent growth of HIV

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Contras

allergy, pregnancy, lactation (HIV can be transmitted to baby)

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ADE of nonnucleoside rev. transcript. inhib.

N/V/D, dizzy, blurred vision, HA, flu-like s/s

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Abacavir Emtricitabine Lamivudine Tenofovir Zidovudine

what nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhib changes body fat in the body?

Tenofovir

Actions of Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

compete with naturally occurring nucleosides within the cell that the virus would use to build DNA chain

Cautions of Nucleoside Rever. Trans. Inhib.

hepatic dys, renal impair, bone marrow suppression

ADE of Nuc Rev. Trans. Inhib.

hypersenstivity, pancreatitis, hepatomegaly, neurological probs, bone marrow suppression

Protease inhibitors

"-navir" darunavir fosamprenavir lopinavir ritonavir tipranavir

Actions of Protease inhib

block protease act in HIV virus

Contraindications of Protease inhib

lact and hepatic dysf

ADE of Protease Inhib

N/V/D, changes in liver func, elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels, redistribution of fat, stevens-johnsons synd

Fusion inhibitors

Enfuvirtide

T or F Fusion inhibs are injected

Actions of Enfuvirtide

prevent fusion of HIV with human cell membrane

Cautions of Enfuvirtide

lung disease, pregnancy

ADE of Fusion inhibitors

insomnia, depression, peripheral neuropathy, N/D, pneumonia, inj site rxn

CCR5 Coreceptor Antagonist

Maraviroc

Action of CCR5 antagonist

blocks receptor site on the cell membrane to which the HIV virus needs to interact to enter cell

ADE of CCR5

Dizzy and changes in consciousnes, URIs

What is the BBW of CCR5?

severe hepatotoxicity

Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors

"-gravir" Dolutegravir Raltegravir

Action of Int. Strand Trans. Inhibit.

inhibit the act of the virus-specific enzyme integrase to replicate HIV

Cautions of Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors

rhabdo, myopathy, pregnancy

ADE of Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibit.

HA, dizzy, insomnia, weight gain, liver failure, renal impair, SI

DDI of Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibit

decrease serum levels when combined with rifampin

Assessment for Antivirals for HIV

Assess contras/cautions LOC/reflexes Skin: color,temp, lesions Temperature for infection CBC, hepatic and renal function

What is important to teach the pt when taking antivirals for HIV?

follow the drug regimen can still transmit disease does not cure disease undetectable does not equal cured teach partners about PREP

Eval for HIV meds

Eval drug effects, best way is CD4 levels Complications of drug: yellow sclera, hepatomegaly

Anti Hep B Agents

Adefovir, entecavir

Action of anti Hpe B agents

inhibit viral replication

ADE of Anti Hep B Meds

HA, Dizzy, N/D, elevated liver enzymes, renal impairment

DDI of antihep B meds

increased risk of renal toxicity if taken with nephrotoxic drugs

What is important to teach about Hep B Antivirals

continue taking meds so there is no exacerbation

Anti Hep C Agent

velpatasvir-sofosbuvir glecaprevir-pibrentasvir elbasvir-grazoprevir

Actions of AntiHep C Agents

alters viral replication used in combo to treat Hep C

T or F all Hep C meds are combo

Contraindications of Hep C meds

allergy, preg, lact

Caution for hep C meds

severe liver disease

ADE of hep C meds

HA, fatigue, N, D, rash, severe skin rxn

DDI for anti hep c meds

protease inhibitors = increases toxicity St. John's wort = decrease hep c efficiency

Assessment for anti hep c

assess contra/cautions phys assessment = body temp, LOC, liver function

Pt teaching that is important for hep c meds

these drugs do not cure disease women should use barrier contraceptive breastfeeding women should use alternative methods

Locally active antiviral agents

docosanol, ganciclovir, penciclovir, acyclovir

Actions of locally active antivirals

act on viruses by interfering w/ normal viral replication and metabolic processes

contraindications for locally active antivirals

allergy

ADE of locally active antivirals

local burning, stinging, discomfort

Assessment of locally active antivirals

assess for allergy assess lesions for baseline prior to admin assess for s/s of infection

Implementation for locally active antivirals

stop drug if severe local rxn occurs if open lesions occur near the site of admin

What pt teaching is important for local antivirals

drugs do not cure the disease pt should report severe local rxn and discomfort