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A&P 1 > CNS > Flashcards

CNS Flashcards

1
Q

Contra lateral hemisphere

A

Contra lateral means each hemisphere controls the opposite side of the body

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2
Q

How does contralateralization work

A

Decussation of pyramids

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3
Q

What is the left hemisphere used for

A
  • language
  • math
  • logic
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4
Q

What is the right side of the hemisphere used for

A
  • visual/spatial skills
  • emotion
  • art
  • music
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5
Q

What does the primary motor cortex do

A

Conscious control of the skeletal muscle movements

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6
Q

Pre motor cortex

A

Plans movements

Controls voluntary movements which depend on sensory feedback

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7
Q

Broca’s area

A

Usually in left hemisphere

Directs muscles involved in speech production

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8
Q

Primary sensory area

A

Receives sensory info from skin and proprioceptors in muscle

Interneurons only

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9
Q

Wernickes area

A
  • language comprehension

- ability to speak coherently

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10
Q

Prefrontal cortex

A
  • intellect
  • personality
  • planning voluntary activity weighing consequences of future actions
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11
Q

Where are memories stored

A
  • visual memories- occipital cortex

- musical memories-auditory cortex

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12
Q

Stages of memory formation

A
  • short term (seconds, minutes)
  • long term (min, hours, days, years)
  • increases number of axons and dendrites
  • increases size of axon terminal
  • no change in neuron number
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13
Q

How to convert short term to long term

A
  • repetition
  • association
  • stored in hippocampus
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14
Q

Association fibers

A

Connect different parts of the same hemisphere

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15
Q

Commisural fibers

A

Connect hemispheres to each other

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16
Q

Projection fibers

A

Connect cerebral cortex to Lower brain or spinal cord

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17
Q

Where are basal nuclei found and what do they do

A

Found deep in cerebellum

Influences motor movements from cerebral cortex

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18
Q

Diseases based off of basal nuclei

A
  • Parkinson’s (reduction of basal nuclei NT)

- Huntingtons (destruction of basal nuclei)

19
Q

What makes up the diencephalon

A
  • thalamus
  • epithalamus
  • hypothalamus
20
Q

What does thalamus do

A
  • receives all sensory info (except smell)

- decides what is worthy of being passed on to cerebral cortex

21
Q

What does hypothalamus do

A
  • controls heart rate, blood pressure, GI motility
  • temp regulation
  • regulates food intake
  • emotions
22
Q

What does epithalamus do

A

Secretes melatonin from pineal gland

23
Q

What makes up the brain stem

A
  • midbrain
  • pons
  • medulla oblongota
24
Q

What does the superior and inferior colliculi do?

A
  • superior:visual motor reflex

- inferior:auditory motor reflex

25
Q

What does the pons do

A

-maintains normal rhythm of breathing

26
Q

What does the medulla oblongota do?

A
  • regulates heart contraction
  • regulates blood pressure
  • controls rate of breathin
27
Q

What does the cerebellum do

A
  • subconscious coordination of movement

- receives input from motor cortex, basal nuclei, proprioceptors, primary visual cortex, vestibular apparatus

28
Q

What is found in the dorsal root

A

Sensory neurons coming I

29
Q

What is found in the ganglion

A

Cell bodies

30
Q

What is found in the ventral root

A

-motor neurons out

31
Q

What is found in the spinal nerves

A

-sensory and motor neurons

32
Q

What is found in the dorsal horn

A

Interneurons

Synapse with sensory neurons in dorsal root

33
Q

What is found in the lateral horn

A

Cell bodies of ANS

34
Q

What is found in the ventral horn

A

Interneurons and cell bodies of somatic motor nerves

35
Q

Sulci

A

Grooves in brain that increases SA and number of potential neural connections

36
Q

Ascending tracts

A

Transmit sensory impulses up to higher centers

37
Q

Descending tracts

A

-transmit motor impulses down to lower levels

38
Q

What do the pyramidal tracts control and where do they originate

A
  • they control conscious/voluntary skeletal muscle contraction
  • originate in cerebral motor cortex
39
Q

What do extrapyramidal tracts control?

A
  • originate in basal nuclei and brain stem

- control subconscious/involuntary skeletal muscle contraction

40
Q

What do the spinothalamic tracts do and where do they originate

A
  • detect temperature, pain and touch receptors

- synapse in thalamus

41
Q

What do spinocerebellar tracts do and where do they originate

A
  • subconscious muscle or tendon stretch
  • originate in proprioceptors
  • synapse in cerebellum
42
Q

What can go through blood brain barrier

A
  • Glucose
  • O2
  • CO2
  • lipids
  • drugs
  • anesthetics
43
Q

What can’t go through blood brain barrier

A
  • metabolic waste
  • blood cells
  • K+
  • certain toxins
  • most drugs

A&P 1 (14 decks)

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