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A&P 1 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of structure of body parts and relationships to one another

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2
Q

Physiology

A
  • How it works

- How it functions

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3
Q

Levels of Structural Organization

A
  • Chemical Level (Atoms)
  • Cellular Level (Organelles)
  • Tissue Level
  • Organ Level
  • Organ System Level
  • Organismal Level
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4
Q

Anatomical Position

A
  • Stand straight up
  • Arms at side
  • Palms facing forward
  • Head and feet facing forward
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5
Q

11 Systems

A
  • Integumentary
  • Skeletal
  • Muscular
  • Nervous
  • Endocrine
  • Circulatory
  • Lymphatic
  • Respiratory
  • Digestive
  • Urinary
  • Reproductive
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6
Q

Superior

A

Cranial

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7
Q

Inferior

A

Caudal (Towards the feet)

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8
Q

Anterior

A
  • “Ventral”

- Front of Body

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9
Q

Posterior

A
  • “Dorsal”

- Back of Body

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10
Q

Medial

A

Closer to mid-line of body

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11
Q

Lateral

A

Farther from mid-line of body

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12
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to body trunk

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13
Q

Distal

A

Farther from body trunk

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14
Q

Superficial

A

At surface

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15
Q

Deep

A

In Dermis

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16
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Splits body into left and right

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17
Q

Transverse Plane

A

Splits body into top and bottom

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18
Q

Coronal Plane

A

Splits body into front and back

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19
Q

Midsagittal

A

Lies on mid-line

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20
Q

Parasagittal

A

Not on mid-line

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21
Q

Dorsal Body Cavity

A
  • Cranial Cavity

- Vertebral Cavity

22
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

Contains:

-Brain

23
Q

Vertebral Cavity

A

Contains:

-Spinal cord

24
Q

Ventral Body Cavity

A
  • Thoracic Cavity
  • Abdominal Cavity
  • Pelvic Cavity
25
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

Contains:

  • Heart
  • Lungs
26
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

Contains:

-Digestive viscera

27
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A

Contains:

  • Bladder
  • Reproductive Organs
  • Rectum
28
Q

Orbital Cavity

A

Contains:

-Eyes

29
Q

Nasal Cavity

A

Contains:

-Nose

30
Q

Oral Cavity

A

Contains:

-Mouth

31
Q

Middle Ear Cavity

A

Contains:

-Ear

32
Q

Synovial Cavity

A

Joint between neck and vertebrae

Fibrous capsule around joint

33
Q

Right Upper Quadrant

A

Contains:

  • Liver
  • Gall Bladder
  • Kidneys
  • Pancreas
34
Q

Left Upper Quadrant

A

Contains:

  • Stomach
  • Spleen
  • Kidneys
35
Q

Right Lower Quadrant

A

Contains:

  • Bladder
  • Intestines
36
Q

Left Lower Quadrant

A

Contains:

-Intestines

37
Q

8 Necessary Life Functions

A
  1. Maintaining boundaries between external/internal environments
  2. Movement
  3. Responsiveness
  4. Digestion
  5. Metabolism
  6. Excretion
  7. Reproduction
  8. Growth
38
Q
  1. Maintaining boundaries between internal/external environments (homeostasis)
A

Examples:

  • Skin
  • Cell Membrane
39
Q
  1. Movement (contractility)
A
  • Skeletal muscle contraction

- Of substances (cardiac and smooth muscle)

40
Q
  1. Responsiveness
A
  • Ability to sense and respond to stimuli
  • Withdrawal reflex
  • Reflex control of breathing
41
Q
  1. Digestion
A
  • Breakdown of ingested foodstuffs

- Absorption of simple molecules into blood

42
Q
  1. Metabolism
A

-All chemical reactions that occur in body cells (Anabolism, Catabolism)

43
Q

Catabolism

A

Break down of larger molecules into smaller molecules

44
Q

Anabolism

A

Use of energy to construct larger molecules from smaller ones

45
Q
  1. Excretion
A
  • Removal of wastes form metabolism

- Urea, carbon dioxide, feces

46
Q
  1. Reproduction
A
  • Production of offspring

- Cellular division for growth or repair

47
Q
  1. Growth
A

-Increase in size of a body part or of an organism

48
Q

Feedback Control Loops

A
  • Receptor (sensor)
  • Control center
  • Effector
49
Q

Receptor (sensor)

A
  • Monitors environment

- Responds to stimuli

50
Q

Control Center

A
  • Receives input from receptor

- Interprets signal, and determines appropriate response

51
Q

Effector

A
  • Receives output from control center
  • Provides the means to respond
  • Response either: positive or negative

A&P 1 (14 decks)

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