Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CMB1004-Cell Biology > CMB1004/L29 Reproductive System > Flashcards

CMB1004/L29 Reproductive System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What hormones are released by the testes?

A

Androgens (and oestrogens)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What hormones do ovaries secrete?

A

Oestrogens (and androgens)
Progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the 2 types of gametogenesis.

A

Spermatogenesis
Oogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where do oocytes arrest?

A

Prophase of meiosis division 1 within primordial follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many eggs are released by ovulation in a female’s lifetime?

A

500

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give the 3 phases of the ovarian cycle.

A

Phase 1 - follicular phase
Phase 2 - ovulation
Phase 3 - Luteal phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How long does phase 1 of the ovarian cycle last?

A

Several months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the pre-antral phase (in phase 1/follicular phase of ovarian cycle). (2)

A

Change of primordial follicle to primary follicle (zona pellucida formation)
Primary follicle matures into mature pre-antral follicle with thecal cell layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What hormone limits the number of primary follicles developing at one time?

A

Antimullerian hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the antral phase (in phase 1/follicular phase) of the ovarian cycle. (4)

A

Appearance of fluid filled atria
Increased layers of zona granulosa
Thicker zona pellucida
Theca interna more apparent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the growth of follicles dependent on?

A

Pituitary FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the role of theca cells?

A

Catalysis of androgen from cholestrol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the role of granulosa cells?

A

Contain aromatase to convert androgen to oestrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the pre-ovulatory phase (in phase 1/follicular phase) of the ovarian cycle. (4)

A

Surge in LH causes arrest in metaphase of meiosis II
Haploid secondary oocyte and polar body forms
LH receptor and enzyme expression - progesterone production
Cytokines and hydrolytic enzymes released

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What kind of event is ovulation?

A

Inflammatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is released into the peritoneal cavity during ovulation?

A

Oocyte, zona pellucida and corona radiata

17
Q

Which structure is crucial for the capture of the oocyte by the fimbrae during ovulation?

A

Corona radiata

18
Q

Where do the remnants of the follicle in the ovary go on to?

A

Corpus luteum

19
Q

What is the major product of the luteal phase?

A

Progesterone

20
Q

What occurs in the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle? (3)

A

Corpus luteum develops
Granulosa cells fill with lipid
Oestrogen initially decreases due to LH surge but rebounds

21
Q

What occurs in the luteal phase if there is no pregnancy? (3)

A

Corpus luteum degenerates into corpus albicans
Oestrogen and progesterone falls
LH and FSH rise

22
Q

What occurs in the luteal phase if there is a pregnancy? (2)

A

Placenta released human chorionic gonadotrophin
Corpus luteum persists

23
Q

In the two cell model of ovarian steroidogenesis, what is the hormone product of theca cells?

A

Androstenedione

24
Q

What is the role of Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)? (3)

A

Pulsatile release
High frequency promotes LH
Low frequency promotes FSH

25
Q

What is the role of follicle stimulating hormone? (4)

A

Stimulates recuitment and growth of immature follicles
Upregulates CYP19 (aromatase)
Induces expression of LH receptors in granulosa cells
Prevents apoptosis/atresia of antral follicles

26
Q

What is the role of luteinising hormone (LH)? (4)

A

Promotes androgen production in theca cells
Surges in last 1-2 days to trigger ovulation
Promotes progesterone production in granulosa cells
Maintain corpus luteum

27
Q

What is the role of oestrogens?

A

Prepares reproductive tract for potential fertilisation and pregnancy

28
Q

What is the role of progesterone?

A

Promotes uterine and uterine tube secretions to maintain and support potential implantation

29
Q

What is the role of inhibin A and B? Where is it produced?

A

Represses FSH secretion
Secreted by granulosa cells

CMB1004-Cell Biology (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions