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CMB1004-Cell Biology > CMB1004/L04 Cytoskeleton > Flashcards

CMB1004/L04 Cytoskeleton Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the 4 cytoskeletal filaments.

A

Intermediate filaments
Microtubules
Actin
Spectrin

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2
Q

Give 3 functions of the cytoskeleton.

A

Organisation
Cell shape and movement
Positioning of organelles
Directs intracellular transport

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3
Q

Where are intermediate filaments found? (2)

A

Cytoplasm
Nucleus

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4
Q

What is the function of intermediate filaments? (2)

A

Provide mechanical strength
Prevent overstretching

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5
Q

What is the function of microtubules? (3)

A

Move chromosomes in cell division
Intracellular transport
Drive cilia and flagella

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6
Q

What is the function of actin filaments? (2)

A

Maintain cell shape
Surface movement

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7
Q

What is the diameter of intermediate filaments?

A

10nm

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8
Q

Describe the structure of intermediate filaments.

A

A-helical coil

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9
Q

What is the assembly and disassembly of intermediate filaments regulated by?

A

Phosphorylation

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10
Q

How many tetramers associate to form an intermediate filament?

A

8 (16 dimers)

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11
Q

What groups are on the end of intermediate filaments?

A

-COOH and -NH2

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12
Q

What kind of intermediate filaments are in the nucleus?

A

Lamins

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13
Q

What is the function of nuclear lamins? (2)

A

Structural support
Anchorage site for chromosomes and nuclear pores

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13
Q

Name the 3 cytoplasmic intermediate filaments.

A

Keratins
Vimentin and related
Neurofilaments

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14
Q

Name the 3 nuclear lamins.

A

LMNA, LMNB, LMNC

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15
Q

What causes breakdown of nuclear lamins during mitosis?

A

Phosphorylation

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16
Q

What is the primary purpose of neurofilaments?

A

Structural support

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17
Q

How are intermediate filaments indirectly connected to neighbour epithelial cells?

A

Desmosomes

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18
Q

Why can the orientation of intermediate filaments not be determined?

A

Dimers align with ends facing opposite ends

19
Q

What is the diameter of microtubules?

A

25nm

20
Q

What are the globular monomers of microtubules?

A

Tubulin

21
Q

Where do microtubules emerge from in cytoplasm?

A

Organising centres

22
Q

What are cytoplasmic microtubules called?

A

Centrosomes

23
Q

What are mitotic spindle microtubules called?

A

Spindle poles

24
Q

What are cilia/flagella microtubules called?

A

Basal bodies

25
Q

How many protofilaments are in a microtubule?

A

13

26
Q

What energy source is used to form microtubules?

A

GTP

27
Q

Which end of a microtubule is 1) positive and 2) negative?

A

1) Beta - positive
2) Alpha - negative

28
Q

What does the polarity of microtubules determine?

A

Which way organelles move

29
Q

What are the 2 microtubule motor proteins?

A

Kinesins and dyenins

30
Q

What does the globular head of kinesins and dyenins bind?

A

ATP + microtubules

31
Q

Which direction does kinesin move in?

A

Towards plus end

32
Q

Which direction does dyenin move in?

A

Towards minus end

33
Q

Which motor protein drives cilia and flagella?

A

Dyenins

34
Q

What microtubule structure do motile cilia have?

A

9+2

35
Q

What protein do microvilli contain?

A

Actin

36
Q

What is the function of microvilli?

A

Increase surface area for absorption

37
Q

What is the diameter of actin filaments?

A

6-8nm

38
Q

What is the function of actin filaments? (2)

A

Cell motility + contraction
Adhesion + mechanosensing

39
Q

Which monomers are added to each end in formation of actin filaments?

A

G-actin

40
Q

How is actin filament assembly and organisation regulated?

A

Actin-binding proteins

41
Q

What is the actin filament motor protein?

A

Myosin

42
Q

What part of myosin binds to actin filaments?

A

Myosin head

43
Q

What is the difference between myosin I and II?

A

Myosin I has 1 head
Myosin II has 2 heads

44
Q

What do myosin tails bind to?

A

Plasma membranes, vesicles, other myosin molecules

45
Q

What drives muscle contraction?

A

Sliding thick myosin filament

46
Q

What links membranes to motor proteins and all major filament systems?

A

Spectrin

CMB1004-Cell Biology (30 decks)

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