CMB1004/L23 Electro-osmotic Effects in Cells Flashcards
What is the equation for the Gibbs free energy considering individual components?
G = (na)(mew.a) + (nb)(mew.b)
What equation gives the chemical potential of a solute?
mewA = mewA(T) +RTln([A])
What is RTln([A])?
Entropic effect of mixing A with other components
What is formed due to an imbalance of permeable and impermeable ions?
Strong electric field
What is the effect of a potential difference across a membrane?
Opposed transfer of further ions
What is the Nernst potential?
Electrical potential difference required to stop the flow of ions arising from a concentration difference
What is the Nernst equation?
Delta(mewA) + RTln([Ai]/[Ao]) = 0
What is the Faraday constant?
The charge of 1 mole of electrons
What is the equation for change in electrical potential energy?
Delta(U) = qDelta(V)
What is the equation for standard chemical potential for one mole of substance?
Delta(mewAO) = zF*Delta(V)
What is the equation for equilibrium across the membrane? (Nernst)
V(nernst) = - (RT/zF)ln([Ai]/[Ao]) = 0
What is the Donnan membrane potential?
Unequal distribution of ions across a membrane when equilibrated with a electrolyte
What equation is turgor pressure given by?
P = Delta(Osm)*RT
How do cells withstand turgor pressure?
Na+/K+ pumps
Cells are not in electrochemical equilibrium
What biological process sets up a large proton concentration (pH) imbalance?
Respiration
What is the chemiosmotic hypothesis?
Cellular ATP is generated using the proton motive force
What is ATP synthase?
Rotary motor powered by proton flux
What rotary motor in bacteria is powered by proton flux?
Bacterial flagellar motor
