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CMB1004-Cell Biology > CMB1004/L15 Cell Signalling I > Flashcards

CMB1004/L15 Cell Signalling I Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the purpose of ion channel coupled receptors?

A

Alters membrane permeability to ions

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2
Q

What is the purpose of G-protein coupled receptors?

A

Interacts with G-proteins in cell membrane

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3
Q

What is the purpose of enzyme coupled receptors?

A

Intrinsic enzyme activity or associates with an enzyme to catalyse reaction

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4
Q

Give an example of an ion channel coupled receptor.

A

Any synaptic receptors

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5
Q

Describe the action of a nitotinic acetylcholine receptor. (6)

A

ACh binds to receptor
Conformational change
Na+ enter cell
Depolarisation
T-tubules carry depolarisation to sarcoplasmic reticulum
Ca2+ release causes muscle contraction

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6
Q

What is myasthenia gravis? (3)

A

Autoimmune condition
Causes muscle weakness
Autoimmune response to nicotinic ACh receptors

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7
Q

How many times do G-protein coupled receptors pass through the membrane?

A

7

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8
Q

What are trimeric G-proteins?

A

Transduce signals from G-protein linked receptors

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9
Q

What are monomeric G-proteins?

A

Transduce signals from enzyme linked receptors

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10
Q

What is the role of G-proteins?

A

Transducers

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11
Q

What is bound by G-proteins?

A

GTP (active)
GDP (inactive)

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12
Q

How many subunits make up trimeric G-proteins?

A

3 heterologous subunits
A, B and G

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13
Q

What occurs as soon as a signal molecule bind a G-protein linked receptor?

A

Conformational change to receptor and alpha subunit
Alpha subunit released GDP and binds GTP

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14
Q

How do G-proteins transduce signals?

A

By binding other target proteins on plasma membrane

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15
Q

How do G-proteins inactivate?

A

GTP hydrolysis

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16
Q

What are the 2 key proteins activated by trimeric G-proteins?

A

Adenylyl cyclase
Phospholipase C

17
Q

What are the secondary messengers to (1) adenylyl cyclase and (2) phospholipase C?

A

(1) Cyclic AMP (cAMP)
(2) Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) and Diacyllycerol (DAG)

18
Q

What is the role of adenylyl cyclase?

A

Converts ATP to cAMP

19
Q

What is the main role of cAMP?

A

Activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)

20
Q

What occurs when cAMP binds to PKA?

A

Conformational change
Release and activation of catalytic subunits

21
Q

Give the 5 steps to G-protein coupled receptor activation.

A
  1. Activation of G-protein
  2. G-protein activated adenylyl cyclase
  3. Adenylyl cyclase converts ATP to cAMP
  4. cAMP activates protein kinase A
  5. PKA phosphorylates other proteins
22
Q

Give 3 roles of GTP and ATP in the cell.

A

Nucleic acid synthesis
Signal transduction
Carrying energy

CMB1004-Cell Biology (30 decks)

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