classification

Question 1

define classification

Answer 1

is the act of act of arranging organisms into groups based on their similarities and differences

Question 2

why do we classify organisms

Answer 2

it makes it easier to identify and study them

Question 3

why do we classify organisms

Answer 3

it makes it easier to identify and study them

Question 4

what is taxonomy

Answer 4

is the study of classification

Question 5

name the 5 kingdoms

Answer 5

• prokaryotae
• protocista
• fungi
• plantae
• animalia

Question 6

what are the features of the prokaryotae kingdom?

Answer 6

unicellular, no nucleas, less than 5um

Question 7

what are the features of the protoctista kingdom

Answer 7

eukaryotic cells, single celled or simple multicellular, often live in water

Question 8

what are the features of fungi kingdom?

Answer 8

eukaryotic, chitin cell wall, saprotrophic (absorb substances from decaying or dead organisms ), single or multicellular

Question 9

what are the features of plantae kingdom?

Answer 9

eukaryotic, multicellular, cellulose cell wall,photosynthesis,chlorophyll, autotrophic (make there own food), photoautotrophic (produce there own food using light)

Question 10

what are the features of anamalia kingdom?

Answer 10

eukaryotic, no cell wall, multicellular,heterotrophic (consume plants and animals)

Question 11

the nomenclature used for classification is called the

Answer 11

binomial system

Question 12

binomial system is on what language?

Answer 12

latin

Question 13

how is the binomial naming system structured?

Answer 13

first part is the : genus with a capital first letter
second part: species with lower case

names are always written in italics or underlined if hand written

Genus species

Question 14

phylogeny is the

Answer 14

study of evolution history of groups of organisms (tells us who’s related to who and how closely)

Question 15

all organisms have evolved from

Answer 15

shared common ancestors shown by a phylogenetic tree

Question 16

according to phylogenetic a species is

Answer 16

the smallest group that at shared a common ancestor (end of a branch)

Question 17

on a phylogenetic tree close related species

Answer 17

diverged away from each other most recently

Question 18

according to the phylogenetic tree : closely related species

Answer 18

diverged away from each other most recently

Question 19

what are the names and order of the taxonomic hierarchy

Answer 19

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 20

classification systems are based on a range of evidence including:

Answer 20

• observable features (all they used in early classification systems)
• molecular evidence (the similarities in proteins and DNA)
• Embryological evidence (comparing similarities in the early stages of an organism’s development )
• Anatomical evidence (the similarities in the structure and function of different body parts)
• behavioural evidence (similarities in behaviour and social organisation of organisms)

Question 21

what are the cons of observable features as evidence for classification systems

Answer 21

scientists don’t always agree on the relative importance of different features and groups based solely on physical features may not show how related organisms are

Question 22

how do we use molecular evidence to classify

Answer 22

• you can compare how the DNA is stored and the sequence of DNAbases
• you can compare the sequence of amino acids in proteins

Question 23

what led to the proposal of the three domain system

Answer 23

new evidence: molecular evidence
(prokaryotae were reclassified as two because evidence showed large differences between archea and bacteria )

molecular evidence- the enzyme RNA polymerase is did in bacteria and archaea. moreover Archeae have similar histones to eukarya

cell membrane evidence- the bonds in lipids in cell membrane of bacteria and archeae are different the development and composition of flagellate are also different.

it’s now accepted that the two evolved speratley archeae more closely to eukarya than bacteria

Question 24

give an example of how scientific knowledge is always changing and improving

Answer 24

the development of the three domain system

Question 25

how do the 5 kingdoms vs 3 domain systems differ

Answer 25

in the old one all organisms were in one of the 5 kingdoms

the new system has 3 domains large super kingdoms above the kingdoms in the taxonomic hirearchy
the prokaryotae kingdom has been replaced by two domains arches and bacteria leaving only 4 kingdoms
beyond that it’s the same