12.1 animal and plant pathogens Flashcards
comunicable disease
can be passed from one organism to another are caused by infective organisms
pathogens
microorganisms that cause disease
- bacteria
- fungi
- protist
- virus
vectors
carry pathogens from one organism to another eg. insect, water
bacteria are …. pro/euk
prokaryotes
protists are … euk/pro
eukaryotic
Viruses are …
non-living (take over living cells to reproduce)
fungi are … euk/pro
eukaryotic
pathogens can damage in two ways
- damage host directly: viruses take over metabolism and destroy the cells they reproduce in some protists do this too, fungi digest living cells
- produce toxins that damage host tissue: eg. bacteria produce toxins that damage membranes or inactivate enzymes, some fung produce toxins
direct transmisssion eg. x3
- inoculation - breaks skin eg hiv,sharing needles, bite
- direct contact-skin to skin sexual
- ingestion - contaminated food
indirect transmission
- fomities-intimate objects eg. bedding cosmetics
- droplet infection
- vectors eg water mosquito
- soil contamination
factors impact likleyhood of infection
- overcrowding
- climate change
- infastructure
- poor nutrition
- disposal of waste
Ring rot
cause
mode of transmission
preventation
treatment
effects what
impact
cause-bacteria
mode of transmission - infected potaote tubers
preventation -regularly disinfect machinery in potatoe factory
treatment -none
effects what - potaote tomatoe aubergine
impact - destroys 80% crop feild needs 2yrs if infeted
Tobaco mosaic virus
cause
mode of transmission
preventation
treatment
effects what
impact
cause- virus
mode of transmission - leaves rubbing contaminsated tools
preventation - dont handle diseased plants and then others
treatment - resistant strains available
effects what - damages leaves s
impact-stunded growth reduced crop
potatoe blight
cause
mode of transmission
preventation
treatment
effects what
impact
cause- protocist
mode of transmission - spores across feild
preventation - chemical treatment
treatment - resistant strains exsist
effects what tomatoe potatoe
impact penertrates host ad destroys fruit
black sigatoka
cause
mode of transmission
preventation
treatment
effects what
impact
cause- fungus
mode of transmission - wind spore
preventation - fungicide
treatment - fungicide not cure but control
effects what - bannah leaf
impact- 50% less yeild