3.8 Nucleic acids

Question 1

what are the three components of a nucleotide?

Answer 1

• pentose sugar
• nitrogenous base
• phosphte group

Question 2

what 5 elemets make up nucleotides?

Answer 2

C, H, O, N, P

Question 3

Nucleotides are the monomer unit of what polymer?

Answer 3

Nucleic acid (polynucleotides)(DNA deoxyribosenucleic acid and RNA)

Question 4

what are the 4 nucleotides we learn about?

Answer 4

• ATP
• ADP
• DNA
• RNA

Question 5

function of

DNA

Answer 5

store genetic infomation

Question 6

function of

RNA

Answer 6

used to mke proteins from DNA

Question 7

what 3 structures differs between DNA and RNA?

Answer 7

DNA:
* pentose sugar: deoxyribose
* bases are T A C G
* a molecule of DNA contains x2 polynucleotide chains
RNA:
* pentose sugar: ribose (and in atp)
* Uracil replaces Thymine
* RNA molecule is made up of a single polynucleotide chain

Question 8

what are the two

Pyrimidines

Answer 8

• Cytosine
• Thymine
• Uracil (rna)

Question 9

what are the two

Purines

Answer 9

• Adenine
• Guanine

Question 10

what is the structure of a

Purines

Answer 10

two carbon-nitrogen rings

Question 11

what is the structure of a

pyrimidine

Answer 11

one carbon-nitrogen ring

Question 12

what are the…. and ho many bonds to they form?

complementary base pairings?

Answer 12

• C & G (x3 H-bonds)
• A & T (x2 H-bonds)
• A & U (Rna)

Question 13

describe the structure of

DNA?

Answer 13

• two antiparallel polynucleide strands held together by H bonds between complemetary base pairs
• twisted to from the double helix

Question 14

how do nucleotides bond to form a

polynucleotide?

how is it broken back down into nucleotides

Answer 14

• phosphate group froms a phosphodiester bond with the ajacent sugar via a condensation reaction (sugar-phosphate backbone)

This can be broken down with a hydrolysis reaction

Question 15

what bond holds

sugar and base together

Answer 15

glycosidic bond

Question 16

whats the differnece beweeen

ATP and ADP

Answer 16

• ATP: adenosine diphosphate
• ADP: adenosine triphosphate

Question 17

what is the structure of

ATP and ADP

Answer 17

ATP:
* ribose
* adenine
* x3 phosphate grps
ADP:
* ribose
* adenine
* x2 phosphate grps

Question 18

ADP and ATP are examples of …….

nucleotides?

Answer 18

phosphorylated

to phosphorylte a nucleotide you add more phosphate grps to it

Question 19

how are ATP and ADP involved in

energy production?

Answer 19

• ATP releases energy by breaking down into ADP and an inorganic phosphate.
• ATP can then be synthesised from ADP and a phosphate using energy from respirtion (glucose breakdown)
• The ADP is phosphorylated to form ATP a phosphate bond is formed
• Energy is stored in the phosphate bond for when its needed.