12.6 the specific immune response

Question 1

three steps of specific immune response

Answer 1

1. antigen presentation
2. helper T activation (colonal activation)
3. colonal expansion (humeral response Bcells / cell mediated immune response T cells)

Question 2

B cell
main function ?
produce memory cells?
effective agains?
requires and apc which cell is acp?

Answer 2

main function ? antibody production
produce memory cells? yes
effective against? bacteria
requires and apc which cell is acp? b cell or phagocyte

Question 3

T cell
main function ?
produce memory cells?
effective agains?
requires and apc which cell is acp?

Answer 3

main function ? kills host cell laden with virus
produce memory cells? yes
effective agains? viruses
requires and apc which cell is acp? host cell taggeed with antigens

Question 4

B lyphocytes mature in the

Answer 4

Bone marrow

Question 5

T lymphocytes mature in the

Answer 5

Thymus gland

Question 6

b lymphocytes

Answer 6

• plasma
• memory
• effector

Question 7

T lymphocytes types

Answer 7

• killer
• memory
• regulator

Question 8

antigens are

Answer 8

glycolipids and glycoproteins

Question 9

structure of antibodies

Answer 9

• variable region at tips of Y
• heacy and light chain

Question 10

T lymphocyte is covered in

Answer 10

receptors that bind to antigens presented by APC’s each t lymphocyte has different receptors.
it gets activated when bound to antigen (colonal selection) it then undergos colonal expansion it divieds to form clones of itself into : killer T cells and helper T cells and memoryT cells

Question 11

The role of a killer T cell

Answer 11

attach and kill cells infected with the virus

Question 12

the role of a helper T

Answer 12

required for colonal selection and expansion but also activates the B lymphocytes and T killer cells

Question 13

T helper cells release interleukins (a type of cytokine)

Answer 13

these bind to the receptors in B lyphocytes and activates it to divide by mitosis into plasma and memory cells an example of colonal expansion

Question 14

phagocytes role in imunity

Answer 14

non-specific immune response they are the first to respond to a pathogen they move towards a wound in response to cytokines released at the wound

Question 15

A B lymphocyte is covered in …

Answer 15

antibodies and when it binds to the pathogen becomes an antigen-antiboody complex this with the addition of the interleukins from the T helper cells activates the B lymphocyte to divide

Question 16

B lymphocytes divide into…..

Answer 16

• plasma cells
• memory cells
  aka colonal expansion

Question 17

describe the structure of

Antibodies

Answer 17

• glycoproteins with 4 polypeptide chains two heavy two light each with a variabl e region and a constant region held together by a disulfide bridge
• hinge proteins allow flexibility

Question 18

describe how antibodies help to clear infection

antibodies help to clear infection

Answer 18

• agglutinating- each antibody has two binding sites so can hold two simultaneously so they become clupped together increasing the effectivness of phagocytes. these antibodies are known as agglutinins
• neutralising toxins - like the antigens toxins have dif shapes and antibodies known as antitoxins can bind to these toxins and inactivater/neutralise them these complexes can also be phagocytosed.
• preventing the patogen binding to human cells - when antibodies bind they block the cell surface receptors that the pathogens use to bind to a host cell.