3.10 protein synthesis Flashcards
1
Q
proteins differ by two things
A
- dif number of amino acids
- dif order of amino acids
2
Q
what are the 3 types of
RNA
A
- rRNA
- tRNA
- mRNA
3
Q
protein synthesis is split into two stages
A
- transcription
- translation
4
Q
where is it made? what does m stand for? whats its role?
mRNA
A
- made in the nucleus
- meessenger RNA
- it carries genetic code from DNA in nucleus to cytoplasm to be used in transltion
5
Q
what does t stand for? where is it located? whats its structure? role?
tRNA
A
- transfer RNA
- found in cytoplasm
- has an aminoacid bindingsite on one end and a three base anticodon on other end
- carries amino acids to be used to build proteins during translation
6
Q
whats the r stnd for? whats its structure? whats its role?
rRNA
A
- ribosomal RNA
- forms two subunits in a ribosome
- the ribosome moves long the mRN strand dring protein synthesis. The rRNA in the ribosome and helps to catlyse the formation of the peptide bondbetween amino acids
7
Q
Transcription
A
- RNA polymerase ttaches to dna the begining of a gene
- the hydrogen bonds break down uncoiling that section
- the DNA template strand (3’ to 5’ antisense strand) is used as a template for the RNA strand to become copy of the ‘sense’ strand the one that codes for protein (complemetary base pairing )
- RNA polymerase lines up free RNA nucleotides
- RNA polymerse moves down along the DNA seperting the strands and assembling mRNA
- H-bonds reform in DNA and it recoils
- when RNA polymerase reacehes the stop codon it detches the MRNA
- MRNA leaves via a nuclear pore into cytoplasm
8
Q
Translation
A
- mRNA attaches to a ribsome, tRNA carry amino acids to the ribosome
- the tRNA has 3 exposed bases (anticodon) complementary to the mRNA
- tempory H bonds form between the codon and the anticodon s the amino acid comes close the ribosomal RNA catalyse the formation of the peptide bond
- the ribosome works t two codons at a time
- process continues until te stop codon is reCHED
