7.4 ventilation in mammals

Question 1

inspiration: ventilation mechanism in mamals

Diaphragm muscle
Diaphragm position
Volume of thorax
Pressure in thorax (relative to atmospheric)
Direction of air movement

Answer 1

Diaphragm muscle: contracted
Diaphragm position: flattened down
Volume of thorax: increased
Pressure in thorax (relative to atmospheric):lower
Direction of air movement: inwards

Question 2

expiration mechanism in mamamals

Diaphragm muscle
Diaphragm position
Volume of thorax
Pressure in thorax (relative to atmospheric)
Direction of air movement

Answer 2

Diaphragm muscle relaxed
Diaphragm position domed up
Volume of thorax devreased
Pressure in thorax (relative to atmospheric) greater
Direction of air movement out

Question 3

expiration is a …. process

Answer 3

passive however can be forced in which case the internal intercostal muscles contract to pull the ribcage in and down

Question 4

inspiration is a … process because….

Answer 4

energy using becuase diaphram contracts and external intercostal muscles cotract to lift ribs up and outwards

Question 5

features of nasal cavity

Answer 5

• large sa with good blood supply to warm the air to body temp
• hairy lining wich secreetes mucus to trap dust and pathogens to avoid risk of lung infection
• moist surface to increase humidity of incoming air to stop evaporation and water loss

Question 6

Describe physiology

Answer 6

how the parts work together)

Question 7

Name parts of anatomy

Answer 7

(parts of the body)

Question 8

properties of the trachea

Answer 8

• incomplete ring of cartilage- stop it collapsing and to alow flexibility of food down the osephagous
• ciliated epithelial
• elastic fibres

Question 9

properties of the Bronchus

Answer 9

same structure as trachea but smaller

Question 10

properties of bronchioles

Answer 10

• no cartilage
• smooth muscle
• lined with squemous epithelial some gas exchange is possible

Question 11

alveoli properties

Answer 11

• elastic recall- stretch and reesize as air flows in and out
• large sa and many
• thin layers one cell thick epithelial
• good blood supply
• good ventilation
• lung surfactant helps it stay inflated and o2 dissolves in the water before diffusing into blood