6.4 organisation

Question 1

organisation

Answer 1

specialised cells -> tissues -> organs -> organ systems -> whole organisms

Question 2

how are erythrocytes speciaised for their function

Answer 2

specilised
* flattended biconcave shape, - greater surface area to volume ratio
* no nucleas-room for haemoglobin
* flexible- fit through capillaries
Funtion
transporting o2 around the body

Question 3

how are neutrophils specialised for their function

Answer 3

• multilobed nucleus- easier to squeeze through small gaps to reach infection
• many lysosomes- enzymes to digest/attack pathogens
  function : immune system

Question 4

how are squamous epithelial cells specialised for its functions?

Answer 4

• only one cell thick- short diffusion pathway

Question 5

four main categories of tissues in animals

Answer 5

• nervous system -adapted to support the transmission of electrical impulses
• epithelial tissue-adapted to vover body surfaces internal and external
• muscle tissude - adapted to contract
• connective tissue- adapeted to hold tissue together or as a transport medium

Question 6

how are ciliated epithelial cells specialised for their function?

Answer 6

• hair like structures cillia move/waft in a rythmic manner - waft mucus away from lungs
• Goblet cells present - release mucus to trap pathogens

Question 7

how are sperm cells specilised for their function?

Answer 7

function: deliver genetic info to female gametes
* flagellum-movment
* many mitochondira: energy needed to swim
* acrosome contains digestive enzymes: to pentrate through protective layer on the ovum

Question 8

how are palisade cells specialised for their function?

Answer 8

function: absorb light for photosynthesis
* closley pacted- more surface area in light
* thin cell walls - faster co2 diffsuion rate
* large valuole
* mobile chloroplast - optimum sun exposure

Question 9

how are root hair cells adapted for their function?

Answer 9

• vacuole full of cell sap- for lower water potential
• larger extended root hair - lager surface area

Question 10

how are gaurd cells specilised for their function?

Answer 10

• thicker cell wall on inside- so swells unsymetrically creating a stomatral aperture
• when it loses water it closes as it becomes less tugied and it closes to prevent furtheer water loss
• when water supply is plentiful it opens so more co2 in for photosynthesis

Question 11

How is cartilage specialised for its function?

Answer 11

function: connective tissue, prevents bone rubbing and causing damange
* contains fibres of elastin and collagen - firm and flexible due to its cells being embed in a matrix

Question 12

how are muscle tissue specialised for its function

Answer 12

• they contain myofibrils wich contain a contractile protein

Question 13

examples of plant tissue

Answer 13

epidermis adapted to cover plant surfaces
vascular tissue
vascular tissue adapted for transport nutrients and water in plants