6.5 differentiation and stem cells

Question 1

adult stem cells in the bone marrow differentiate into

Answer 1

blood cells eg. neutrophils or erythrocytes

Question 2

cells in the meristems can differentiate into

Answer 2

xylem vessesls and phlomes seive tubes

Question 3

Stem cell potency

Answer 3

• totipotent
• pluripotent
• multipotent

Question 4

totipotent stem cells

Answer 4

can differnciate into any cell type found in zygote and first 8-16 cells from first few mitopic cell divisions, could produce an entire organism

Question 5

pluripotent stem cells

Answer 5

can form all tissue types but not whole organisms found in early embryos after 7 days

Question 6

multipotent stem cells

Answer 6

found within certain type of tissue eg. Haematopoetic stem cells in bone marrow can give rise to types of blood cells

Question 7

adult stem cells are used to

Answer 7

replace damage cells

Question 8

stem cells are capable of dividing to duplicate into more undifferneciated stem cells aka

Answer 8

renewing source of
undifferentiated cells.

Question 9

Sources of animal stem cells

Answer 9

embryonic stem cells
tissue/adult stem cells

Question 10

sources of plant stem cells

Answer 10

meristems

Question 11

uses of stem cells to repair damaged tissue

Answer 11

burns: stem cells grown into a biodegradable mesh is quicker than taking a graft

Question 12

use of stem cells in neurological conditions

Answer 12

alzheimers: brain cells are destroyed, hope is to regrow healthy nerve cells

Question 13

use of stem cells in research and biological development

Answer 13

• drug trial: drugs can be tested on cultures of stem cells before humand and animals
• development: their ability to divide indefinitley and differentiate into almost any cell

Question 14

stem cells in plants are ….. for life

Answer 14

pluripotent

Question 15

stem cells for xylem and phlome can be located in the

Answer 15

vascular cambium