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Step Review Things to Memorize > Classic labs and findings > Flashcards

Classic labs and findings Flashcards

1
Q

Increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida

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2
Q

Anticentromere Abs

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

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3
Q

Anti-desmoglein (ant-desmosome) Abs

A

Pemphigus vulgaris

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4
Q

Anti-glomerular BM Abs

A

Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis with hemoptysis)

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5
Q

Antihistone Abs

A

Drug induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)

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6
Q

Anti-IgG Abs

A

RA

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7
Q

Anti-mitochondrial antibodies

A

1˚ biliar cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, PHTN)

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8
Q

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic Abs (ANCAs)

A

Microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA)

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)

1˚ sclerosing cholangitis (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA)

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9
Q

Antinuclear Abs (ANAs) (anti-Smith (anti-Sm) and anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (Type III hypersensitivity)

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10
Q

Antiplatelet antibodies

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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11
Q

Anti-topoisomerase Abs

A

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

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12
Q

Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial Abs

A

Celiac disease

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13
Q

Apple core lesion on Ba enema X-ray

A

L-sided CRC

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14
Q

Atypical lymphocytes

A

EBV

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15
Q

Azurophilic peroxidase positive granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods (AML, especially promyelocytic M3 type)

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16
Q

Bacitracin resononse

A

Sensitive: S. pyogenes, resistant: S. agalactiae

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17
Q

Bamboo spine on x-ray

A

Ankylosing spondylits (chronic inflammatory arthritis; HLA-B27)

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18
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnant in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (splenectomy or non-functioning spleen)

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19
Q

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

Pb poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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20
Q

Bloody or yellow tap on LP

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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21
Q

Boot-shaped heart on xray

A

Tetralogy of Fallot (RVH)

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22
Q

Branching Gm+ rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

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23
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor (can cause Horner syndrome)

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24
Q

Brown tumor of bone

A

Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin)

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25
Q

Cardimegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas dz

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26
Q

Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule

A

Rapidly progressive crescentic GN

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27
Q

Chocolate cyst of ovary

A

Endometriosis

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28
Q

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)

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29
Q

Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in the lung

A

CF leading to ADEK deficiency and mucus plugging

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30
Q

decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Down syndrome or other aneuploidies

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31
Q

Degeneration of dorsal column fibers

A

Tabes dorsalis (3˚ syphilis), Subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal and spinocerebellar tracts)

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32
Q

Delta wave on EKG, short PR, SV tachycardia

A

Wolff-Parkinson-White sy. (Bundle of Kent bypasses AV node)

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33
Q

Depigmentation of neurons in substatia nigra

A

Parkinson disease (basal ganglia d/o: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

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34
Q

Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma, can result in whorled mucus plug)

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35
Q

Disarrayed granulosa cells around eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies (Granulosa cell tumor)

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36
Q

Dysplastic squamous cervical cells arranged around raisinoid nuclei and hyperchromasia

A

Koilocytes (HPV predisposing to cervical ca.)

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37
Q

Electrical alternans

A

Pericardial tamponade

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38
Q

Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

Owl eye appearance of CMV

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39
Q

Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei and central clearing

A

“Orphan Annie” eyes

Papillary carcinoma of thyroid

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40
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions in liver

A

Mallory bodies (EtOHism)

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41
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions in neuron

A

Lewy body (PD and LBD)

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42
Q

Eosinophilic globule in liver

A

Councilman body (viral hepatitis, yellow fever), apoptotic hepatocytes

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43
Q

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons

A

Negri bodies of rabies

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44
Q

Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

A

AD

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45
Q

Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions

A

Reed-Sternberg cells, Hodgkin lymphoma

46
Q

Glomerulus like stucture surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

47
Q

Hair on end/ crew cut skull xray

A

Beta thal. or SCD from extramedullary hematopoesis

48
Q

hCG elevation

A

pregnancy, choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole

49
Q

Heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

50
Q

Heterophile Abs

A

Infective mononucleosis (EBV)

51
Q

Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)

52
Q

High levels of D-dimer

A

DVT, PE, DIC

53
Q

Hilar LNA, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle/lower lobes (can calcify)

A

Ghon complex

54
Q

Honeycomb lung on Xray or CT

A

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

55
Q

Hypercoagulability (migratory DVT and vasculitis)

A

Trousseau sy. (pancreatic or lung ca.)

56
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils

A

Megaloblastic anemia

57
Q

HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

58
Q

Hypochromic microcytic anemis

A

Fe def, Pb poisoning, thalassemia

59
Q

intranuclear eosinophilic droplet like bodies

A

Cowdry type A bodies HSV or VZV

60
Q

Fe containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis)

61
Q

Keratin pearls on skin biopsy

62
Q

Large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

Chédiak-Higashi

63
Q

Lead pipe appearance

A

IC (haustral loss)

64
Q

Linear IgG dep on BM in glomerulus and alveolus

A

Goodpasture sy

65
Q

Low serum ceruloplasmin

66
Q

Lumpy-bumpy on IF glomeruli

A

PSGN (IgG/M and C3)

67
Q

Lytic punched out bone lesions

A

Multiple myeloma

68
Q

Mammary gland “blue domed” cyst

A

Fibrocystic changes

69
Q

Mab spike

A

MM (usually IgG/A)
MGUS
Waldentröm macroglobulinemia (IgM)
Primary amyloid

70
Q

Mucin filled cells with peripheral nucleus

A

signet ring gastric carcinoma

71
Q

Narrowing of bowel lumen on Ba xray

A

string sign; CD

72
Q

Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing GN

A

GPA, Goodpasture

73
Q

Needle shaped, neg biref xtals

74
Q

nodular hyaline dep in glomeruli

A

Kimmelsteil-Wilson nodules DM

75
Q

Novobiocin response

A

S. epidermidis, resistant is S. saprophyticus

76
Q

Nutmeg liver

A

Chronic passive congestion of liver due to RHF or Budd-Chiari sy

77
Q

Onion skinning on periosteal reaction

A

Ewing sarcoma

78
Q

Optochin sensitive

A

S. pneumococcus

res: viridans

79
Q

Podocyte fusion or effacement

A

MCD (child with nephrotic dz)

80
Q

Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau ptn

A

Neurofibrillary tangles (AD) and Pick bodies (Pick dz)

81
Q

Psammoma bodies

A

Meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of endometrium and ovary

82
Q

Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

83
Q

Raised periosteum

A

Osteosarcoma

84
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

Glomerulonephritis

85
Q

Rectangular, x-tal like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

A

Reinke crystals in Leydig cell tumor

86
Q

Recurrent infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia

A

Wiskott-Aldrich sy.

87
Q

Renal epithelial casts in urine

A

Intrinisic renal failure (ischemia or toxic injury)

88
Q

Rhomboid xtals with + biref.

A

Pseudogout

89
Q

Rib notching

A

Coarctation of aorta

90
Q

Ring enhancing lesion on CT/MRI in AIDS

A

toxoplasmosis or CNS lymphoma

91
Q

Sheets of medium sized l’cytes with scattered pale tingible body laden macrophages “starry sky” histology

A

Burkitt lymphoma

92
Q

Silver staining spherical aggregation of tau ptn in neurons

A

Pick bodies (Pick dz: progressive dementia, personality changes)

93
Q

Soap bubble in tibia or femur

A

Giant cell tumor

94
Q

Spikes on BM or dome-like subepithelial desposits

A

Membranous nephropathy (nephrotic)

95
Q

Stacks of RBC

A

Rouleaux in MM

96
Q

Steeple sign on frontal CXR

A

Croup (paraflu)

97
Q

Bacteria-covered vaginal epithelial cells

A

Clue cells (Gardnerella vaginalis)

98
Q

Strep. bovis bacteremia

99
Q

Tennis racket EM in langerhans cells

A

Birbeck granules in langerhans cells histiocytosis

100
Q

Thousands of polyps on scope

101
Q

Thrombi made of white/red layers

A

Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets, RBCs)

102
Q

Thumb sign on lateral neck xray

A

Epiglotitis (H flu)

103
Q

Thyroid like appearance on kidney

A

Chronic pyelonephritis (recurrent inf)

104
Q

Tram track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy

105
Q

Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic sy)

106
Q

Hyperuricemia

A

Gout, Lesch-Nyhan, tumor lysis, loop and thiazide diuretics

107
Q

Waxy casts with very low urine flow

A

chronic ESRD

108
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

Acute pyelonephritis

109
Q

WBCs that look smudged

A

CLL (usually B cell)

110
Q

Wire loop glomerular capillary appearance on LM

A

Diffuse PGN (esp in SLE)

111
Q

Yellowish CSF

A

Xanthochromia due to subarachnoid hemorrahge

Step Review Things to Memorize (41 decks)

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