Class 7 and 8 Flashcards
ventilation
the movement of air in and out of the lungs
diffusion
the movement of gasses between the alveoli and the blood stream via the respiratory membrane
perfusion
the movement of blood into and out of the capillary beds of the lungs to body organs and tissues
Shunt
perfusion without ventilation
deadspace
ventilation without perfusion
hypoxemic respiratory failure
failure to oxygenate adequately
Hypercapnic respiratory failure
failure to remove carbon dioxide adequately
pnuemothorax, atelectasis and pulmonary edema are all?
disorders of lung inflation (trouble bringing air in)
tension pneumothorax
air enters pleural space but cannot escape (one way valve is created)
Pneumonia, bronchitis and TB are all?
disorders to due infection
Community Acquired Pneumonia is the most common type. It is caused by?
streptococccus pneumoniae
streptococcus pneumoniae causes?
pneumococcal pneumonia
acute bronnchiolitis is caused by
respiratory synctial virus
With primary tuberculosis, the majority of people?
go into latency
with primary (tuberculosis) exposure, immunocompromised people?
become ill
when does latency of tuberculosis become active?
after the second exposure (secondary TB)
in primary TB, what happens when the immune response kills the bacteria and tissue?
it creates a granuloma (Gohn focus)
What is inside the TB granuloma
caseous necrosis
How does secondary TB occur
There is either a second exposure or the latent bacilli become activated when the person becomes imuunocomprmised
disorders due to obstruction?
asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema
what occurs with disorders due to obstruction?
the person has trouble breathing out. (the lungs can inflate fine)
small cell tumours are
neuroendocrine tumours
Neuroendocrine tumours (Small cell carcinoma) produce?
produce ectopic hormones that dont normally come from lungs
Neuroendocrine tumours are
the worst type of lung cancer
Slowest growing type of lung cancer?
squamous cell carcinoma
Increased ventilatory rate, large tidal volume, and no expiratory pause
Kussmaul respirations
Coughing blood or bloody secretions
Hemoptysis
Sign of decreased arterial oxygenation
Cyanosis
Apnea followed by increased ventilations then apnea
Cheyne-Stokes respirations
Alveolar collapse
atlectasis
Abnormal dilation of bronchioles
Bronchiectasis
Inadequate alveolar ventilation rate
Hypoventilation
Air in pleural space
pneumothorax
Pus in pleural space
empyema
Arterial oxygen deficiency
hypoxemia
A collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral plurae
pleural effusion
Classic sign of emphysema
barrel chest
classic sign of chronic bronchitis
productive cough
Cyanosis is common with?
chronic bronchitis
Cor pulmonale is common with?
chronic bronchitis
What is the difference between pneumothorax and tension pneumothorax?
in pneumothorax, air can go in and out. In tension pneumothorax, air goes in but cannot get out.
what type of pressure contributes to pulmonary edema
hydrostatic pressure
Pulmonary edema
Accumulation of water in the alveoli
Red and grey hepatization occurs with?
pneumococcal pneumonia
What type of immune reaction is asthma?
type 1
What type of disorder is cystic fibrosis?
autosomal recessive
