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Pathophysiology > Class 7 and 8 > Flashcards

Class 7 and 8 Flashcards

1
Q

ventilation

A

the movement of air in and out of the lungs

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2
Q

diffusion

A

the movement of gasses between the alveoli and the blood stream via the respiratory membrane

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3
Q

perfusion

A

the movement of blood into and out of the capillary beds of the lungs to body organs and tissues

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4
Q

Shunt

A

perfusion without ventilation

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5
Q

deadspace

A

ventilation without perfusion

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6
Q

hypoxemic respiratory failure

A

failure to oxygenate adequately

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7
Q

Hypercapnic respiratory failure

A

failure to remove carbon dioxide adequately

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8
Q

pnuemothorax, atelectasis and pulmonary edema are all?

A

disorders of lung inflation (trouble bringing air in)

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9
Q

tension pneumothorax

A

air enters pleural space but cannot escape (one way valve is created)

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10
Q

Pneumonia, bronchitis and TB are all?

A

disorders to due infection

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11
Q

Community Acquired Pneumonia is the most common type. It is caused by?

A

streptococccus pneumoniae

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12
Q

streptococcus pneumoniae causes?

A

pneumococcal pneumonia

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13
Q

acute bronnchiolitis is caused by

A

respiratory synctial virus

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14
Q

With primary tuberculosis, the majority of people?

A

go into latency

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15
Q

with primary (tuberculosis) exposure, immunocompromised people?

A

become ill

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16
Q

when does latency of tuberculosis become active?

A

after the second exposure (secondary TB)

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17
Q

in primary TB, what happens when the immune response kills the bacteria and tissue?

A

it creates a granuloma (Gohn focus)

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18
Q

What is inside the TB granuloma

A

caseous necrosis

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19
Q

How does secondary TB occur

A

There is either a second exposure or the latent bacilli become activated when the person becomes imuunocomprmised

20
Q

disorders due to obstruction?

A

asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema

21
Q

what occurs with disorders due to obstruction?

A

the person has trouble breathing out. (the lungs can inflate fine)

22
Q

small cell tumours are

A

neuroendocrine tumours

23
Q

Neuroendocrine tumours (Small cell carcinoma) produce?

A

produce ectopic hormones that dont normally come from lungs

24
Q

Neuroendocrine tumours are

A

the worst type of lung cancer

25
Q

Slowest growing type of lung cancer?

A

squamous cell carcinoma

26
Q

Increased ventilatory rate, large tidal volume, and no expiratory pause

A

Kussmaul respirations

27
Q

Coughing blood or bloody secretions

A

Hemoptysis

28
Q

Sign of decreased arterial oxygenation

A

Cyanosis

29
Q

Apnea followed by increased ventilations then apnea

A

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

30
Q

Alveolar collapse

A

atlectasis

31
Q

Abnormal dilation of bronchioles

A

Bronchiectasis

32
Q

Inadequate alveolar ventilation rate

A

Hypoventilation

33
Q

Air in pleural space

A

pneumothorax

34
Q

Pus in pleural space

A

empyema

35
Q

Arterial oxygen deficiency

A

hypoxemia

36
Q

A collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral plurae

A

pleural effusion

37
Q

Classic sign of emphysema

A

barrel chest

38
Q

classic sign of chronic bronchitis

A

productive cough

39
Q

Cyanosis is common with?

A

chronic bronchitis

40
Q

Cor pulmonale is common with?

A

chronic bronchitis

41
Q

What is the difference between pneumothorax and tension pneumothorax?

A

in pneumothorax, air can go in and out. In tension pneumothorax, air goes in but cannot get out.

42
Q

what type of pressure contributes to pulmonary edema

A

hydrostatic pressure

43
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

Accumulation of water in the alveoli

44
Q

Red and grey hepatization occurs with?

A

pneumococcal pneumonia

45
Q

What type of immune reaction is asthma?

A

type 1

46
Q

What type of disorder is cystic fibrosis?

A

autosomal recessive

Pathophysiology (21 decks)

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