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Pathophysiology > Class 16 > Flashcards

Class 16 Flashcards

1
Q

Transient ischemic attack

A

transient interruption of perfusion to the brain. Lasts no more than 1 hour

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2
Q

TIA is a?

A

warning of impending stroke

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3
Q

Definition of stroke?

A

ischemia to the brain to the point that neurons die

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4
Q

An ischemic stroke is a?

A

obstruction of blood flow

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5
Q

thrombotic stroke

A

caused by a blood clot that forms in an artery directly leading to the brain

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6
Q

embolic stroke

A

occurs when a clot develops somewhere else in the body and travels through the blood stream to the brain

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7
Q

what could be a risk factor for an embolic stroke

A

atrial fibrillation

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8
Q

hemorrhagic stroke

A

spontaneous rupture of blood vessels

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9
Q

what is a major cause of haemorrhagic stroke?

A

hypertension

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10
Q

An ischemic stroke follows the same process as

A

atherosclerosis

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11
Q

Berry aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations are both?

A

congenital

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12
Q

What might a person having a hemmoragic stroke say?

A

this is the worst headache of my life

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13
Q

FAST acronym

A

Facial droop
Arm drift
Speech changes
Time to call 911

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14
Q

What are the 5 warning signs of stroke?

A

Weakness, trouble speaking, vision problems, headache, and dizziness

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15
Q

Left sided stroke of the cerebrum signs and symptoms?

A

motor weakness on the right side and pupil alterations on the left side

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16
Q

right sided stroke of the cerebrum signs and symptoms?

A

motor weakness on the left side and pupil alterations on the right side

17
Q

the cerebellum controls?

A

balance and posture

18
Q

what can occur if the brain stem is affected in a stroke?

A

locked in syndrome

19
Q

locked in syndrome

A

rare issue where person still has full cognition but have very minimal ability to interact with their environment. Can only blink and move eyes up and down.

20
Q

Do neurons develop tumours?

A

No, they can’t because they do not replicate.

21
Q

What is the most common type of brain tumour?

A

astrocytomas

22
Q

What is an example of a extra cerebral brain tumour?

A

meningioma

23
Q

Brain neoplasms in adults are most commonly?

A

supratentorial

24
Q

brain neoplasms in children are most commonly?

A

infratentorial

25
Q

Why do primary malignant brain tumours rarely metastisize outside of the brain?

A

due to the BBB and the fact that the brain has very few lymph vessels

26
Q

Manifestations of brain tumours will?

A

vary by location

27
Q

Why is chemotherapy generally not effective in brain tumours?

A

chemo has large molecules which cannot cross the BBB

28
Q

Many of the manifestations of brain tumours result from?

A

increased intracranial pressure

29
Q

Chronic bacterial meningitis is caused by?

A

syphillis

30
Q

What are the neurological manifestations of bacterial meningitis?

A

Altered LOC and projectile vomiting

31
Q

which type of meningitis does petichiae/pupura occur with?

A

Bacterial (nessieria meningitides)

32
Q

What are the meningeal signs?

A

neck rigidity, kernigs sign and brudzinskis sign

33
Q

Kernig’s sign

A

inability to straighten leg when hip is flexed 90 degrees

34
Q

Brudzinski’s sign

A

severe neck stiffness causes a patients knees and hips to flex when neck is flexed

35
Q

seizure

A

sudden, transient alteration of brain function caused by an abrupt explosive, disorderly discharge of cerebral neurons

36
Q

Epilectic seizures are?

A

unprovoked

37
Q

Aura

A

occurs before a seizure. Could be the perception of a strange light, unpleasant smell, confusing thoughts or experiences

38
Q

Ecephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain parenchyma

Pathophysiology (21 decks)

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