Class 16 Flashcards
Transient ischemic attack
transient interruption of perfusion to the brain. Lasts no more than 1 hour
TIA is a?
warning of impending stroke
Definition of stroke?
ischemia to the brain to the point that neurons die
An ischemic stroke is a?
obstruction of blood flow
thrombotic stroke
caused by a blood clot that forms in an artery directly leading to the brain
embolic stroke
occurs when a clot develops somewhere else in the body and travels through the blood stream to the brain
what could be a risk factor for an embolic stroke
atrial fibrillation
hemorrhagic stroke
spontaneous rupture of blood vessels
what is a major cause of haemorrhagic stroke?
hypertension
An ischemic stroke follows the same process as
atherosclerosis
Berry aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations are both?
congenital
What might a person having a hemmoragic stroke say?
this is the worst headache of my life
FAST acronym
Facial droop
Arm drift
Speech changes
Time to call 911
What are the 5 warning signs of stroke?
Weakness, trouble speaking, vision problems, headache, and dizziness
Left sided stroke of the cerebrum signs and symptoms?
motor weakness on the right side and pupil alterations on the left side
right sided stroke of the cerebrum signs and symptoms?
motor weakness on the left side and pupil alterations on the right side
the cerebellum controls?
balance and posture
what can occur if the brain stem is affected in a stroke?
locked in syndrome
locked in syndrome
rare issue where person still has full cognition but have very minimal ability to interact with their environment. Can only blink and move eyes up and down.
Do neurons develop tumours?
No, they can’t because they do not replicate.
What is the most common type of brain tumour?
astrocytomas
What is an example of a extra cerebral brain tumour?
meningioma
Brain neoplasms in adults are most commonly?
supratentorial
brain neoplasms in children are most commonly?
infratentorial
Why do primary malignant brain tumours rarely metastisize outside of the brain?
due to the BBB and the fact that the brain has very few lymph vessels
Manifestations of brain tumours will?
vary by location
Why is chemotherapy generally not effective in brain tumours?
chemo has large molecules which cannot cross the BBB
Many of the manifestations of brain tumours result from?
increased intracranial pressure
Chronic bacterial meningitis is caused by?
syphillis
What are the neurological manifestations of bacterial meningitis?
Altered LOC and projectile vomiting
which type of meningitis does petichiae/pupura occur with?
Bacterial (nessieria meningitides)
What are the meningeal signs?
neck rigidity, kernigs sign and brudzinskis sign
Kernig’s sign
inability to straighten leg when hip is flexed 90 degrees
Brudzinski’s sign
severe neck stiffness causes a patients knees and hips to flex when neck is flexed
seizure
sudden, transient alteration of brain function caused by an abrupt explosive, disorderly discharge of cerebral neurons
Epilectic seizures are?
unprovoked
Aura
occurs before a seizure. Could be the perception of a strange light, unpleasant smell, confusing thoughts or experiences
Ecephalitis
inflammation of the brain parenchyma
