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Pathophysiology > Class 2 > Flashcards

Class 2 Flashcards

1
Q

planned, programmed and predictable cell death

A

apoptosis

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2
Q

cell death whereby cell shrinks

A

apoptosis

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3
Q

cell death whereby cell swells

A

necrosis

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4
Q

cell death that triggers inflammation

A

necrosis

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5
Q

Free radicals are also known as

A

reactive oxygen species

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6
Q

a free radical is an atom or group of atoms that have?

A

an unpaired electron

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7
Q

is a free radical a byproduct of normal metabolism?

A

Yes

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8
Q

when do free radicals increase?

A

during times of stress and disease

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9
Q

free radicals are counteracted by?

A

antioxidants

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10
Q

what is a term used to describe not enough oxygen at the cell and tissue level?

A

hypoxia

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11
Q

ischemia

A

decreased blood flow

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12
Q

Cerebral Palsy results from?

A

a hypoxic injury before, during or after birth

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13
Q

Reperfusion injury occurs when?

A

restoration after ischemia causes inflammation and release of free radicals

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14
Q

cell injury triggers?

A

inflammation

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15
Q

the inflammatory response is the _____ line of defense

A

second

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16
Q

the inflammatory response is part of _____ immunity

A

innate

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17
Q

The process of inflammation is non-specific, this means?

A

the process of inflammation is the same regardless of trigger, it has no memory

18
Q

Goal of inflammation: prevent…

A

infection and further damage

19
Q

Goal of inflammation: limit and control…

A

the inflammatory process and prevents it from spreading to healthy areas and systemically.

20
Q

the inflammatory response initiates?

A

the adaptive immune response and also initiates healing

21
Q

the vascular response includes?

A
  1. blood vessel dilation
  2. increased permeability
  3. fluid movement into tissues
  4. viscous blood
  5. clotting
22
Q

the cellular response includes?

A
  1. WBCs adhering to capillary
  2. emigration and movement to areas of injury
  3. chemotaxis
  4. phagocytosis
23
Q

exudate is made up of?

A

fluid, RBCs, WBCs and tissue debris

24
Q

accumulation of exudates causes?

A

swelling and pain

25
Q

the 5 classic signs of inflammation?

A

redness, swelling, heat, pain, and loss of function.

26
Q

chronic inflammation is inflammation lasting…

A

2 weeks or longer

27
Q

chronic inflammation phagocytic cells

A

neutrophils die, leukocytes are activated

28
Q

what is the first stage of wound healing

A

inflammation

29
Q

what is the 2nd phase of wound healing

A

proliferation and new tissue formation

30
Q

3rd phase of wound healing?

A

remodeling and maturation phase

31
Q

wounds that heal under conditions of minimal tissue loss

A

primary intention

32
Q

wounds that require a lot of tissue replacement

A

secondary intention

33
Q

A large blood cell produced in the bone marrow. Migrates via the blood stream to site of cellular injury where it becomes a macrophage

A

Monocyte

34
Q

Large cell involved in the later phagocytosis or foreign particles and the secretion of substances that promote wound healing.

A

Macrophage

35
Q

The predominant phagocytic cell in the early inflammatory response whose primary role is removal of bacteria from wounds

A

Neutrophil

36
Q

Lysosome containing granulocyte which dissolves the surface membrane of parasites

A

Eosinophil

37
Q

Histamine containing cell which is the most important activator of the inflammatory response

A

Mast cell

38
Q

A cell that helps to stop bleeding at the injury site

A

Platelet

39
Q

What mitochondrial damage occurs with cell injury?

A

ATP depletion

40
Q

How does cellular injury result in damage to the cell membrane

A
  • Na/K pump fails
  • water gets into cell (swells)
  • Calcium entry into cell causes further damage
41
Q

What ribosome damage occurs with cellular injury?

A

protein misfolding

Pathophysiology (21 decks)

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