Class 2 Flashcards
planned, programmed and predictable cell death
apoptosis
cell death whereby cell shrinks
apoptosis
cell death whereby cell swells
necrosis
cell death that triggers inflammation
necrosis
Free radicals are also known as
reactive oxygen species
a free radical is an atom or group of atoms that have?
an unpaired electron
is a free radical a byproduct of normal metabolism?
Yes
when do free radicals increase?
during times of stress and disease
free radicals are counteracted by?
antioxidants
what is a term used to describe not enough oxygen at the cell and tissue level?
hypoxia
ischemia
decreased blood flow
Cerebral Palsy results from?
a hypoxic injury before, during or after birth
Reperfusion injury occurs when?
restoration after ischemia causes inflammation and release of free radicals
cell injury triggers?
inflammation
the inflammatory response is the _____ line of defense
second
the inflammatory response is part of _____ immunity
innate
The process of inflammation is non-specific, this means?
the process of inflammation is the same regardless of trigger, it has no memory
Goal of inflammation: prevent…
infection and further damage
Goal of inflammation: limit and control…
the inflammatory process and prevents it from spreading to healthy areas and systemically.
the inflammatory response initiates?
the adaptive immune response and also initiates healing
the vascular response includes?
- blood vessel dilation
- increased permeability
- fluid movement into tissues
- viscous blood
- clotting
the cellular response includes?
- WBCs adhering to capillary
- emigration and movement to areas of injury
- chemotaxis
- phagocytosis
exudate is made up of?
fluid, RBCs, WBCs and tissue debris
accumulation of exudates causes?
swelling and pain
the 5 classic signs of inflammation?
redness, swelling, heat, pain, and loss of function.
chronic inflammation is inflammation lasting…
2 weeks or longer
chronic inflammation phagocytic cells
neutrophils die, leukocytes are activated
what is the first stage of wound healing
inflammation
what is the 2nd phase of wound healing
proliferation and new tissue formation
3rd phase of wound healing?
remodeling and maturation phase
wounds that heal under conditions of minimal tissue loss
primary intention
wounds that require a lot of tissue replacement
secondary intention
A large blood cell produced in the bone marrow. Migrates via the blood stream to site of cellular injury where it becomes a macrophage
Monocyte
Large cell involved in the later phagocytosis or foreign particles and the secretion of substances that promote wound healing.
Macrophage
The predominant phagocytic cell in the early inflammatory response whose primary role is removal of bacteria from wounds
Neutrophil
Lysosome containing granulocyte which dissolves the surface membrane of parasites
Eosinophil
Histamine containing cell which is the most important activator of the inflammatory response
Mast cell
A cell that helps to stop bleeding at the injury site
Platelet
What mitochondrial damage occurs with cell injury?
ATP depletion
How does cellular injury result in damage to the cell membrane
- Na/K pump fails
- water gets into cell (swells)
- Calcium entry into cell causes further damage
What ribosome damage occurs with cellular injury?
protein misfolding
