Class 20 & 21 Flashcards
Occult fracture
hidden/not noticeable on X-ray. Hip is a common site
Open (compound) fracture
open to the environment
Pathological fracture
related to another disease and requires less force than normal
Comminuted (segmented) fracture
in pieces
Greenstick fracture
partial fracture - does not break all the way through
Hematogenous infection
infection from elsewhere in the body that travelled through the blood stream and into the bone. Does not originate in the bone.
Contiguous infection
originates in the bone
In osteomyelitis, lifting of the periosteum due to swelling causes?
disrupted blood supply to the underlying bone
Sequestreum
necrosis and death of the infected bone. It is trapped.
Involucrum
Osteoblasts lay down new bone around the dead bone
Compartment syndrome
Excessive edema causes increased pressure in a compartment. This compromises circulation and damages nerves and muscles in the compartment
Manifestations of compartment syndrome
- numbness
- limb very pale
- no pulse
- pain
Osteoporosis
decreased bone mass and increased porosity of the skeleton
Pathophysiology of osteoporosis
imbalance between bone reabsorption and breakdown. There is more breakdown than there is formation
Osteoarthritis
progressive disruption of the smooth articular cartilage. There is less cartilage so bones rub on each other and fragments break off
RA
- autoimmune disorder
- systemic
- inflammatory damage of the synovial membrane
Pannus
stiff scar tissue that forms in RA
Which systemic signs are seen in RA and not OA?
- fever
- fatigue
- weight loss
- general aching and stiffness
Boggy swelling, swan neck deformity and ulnar deviation is common with?
RA
Clubfoot (congenital equinovarus)
The heels are turned in (varus) and toes are pointed down/plantar flexed (equinus)
Developmental hip dysplasia
femoral head and acetabulum are not properly realigned
What is the first stage of bone healing?
Hematoma formation
What is the second stage of bone healing?
soft callus
What is the third stage of bone healing?
hard callus
What is the final stage of bone healing?
Bone remodelling
Kyphosis is a manifestation of?
osteoporosis
Complications of immobility
- disuse atrophy
- imbalance in muscle strength
- contractures
- loss of bone mass
Osteoarthritis is a disorder of the?
cartilage
RA is a disorder of the?
synovial membrane
Affects ligaments
sprain
Affects tendons
strains
