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Pathophysiology > Class 5 > Flashcards

Class 5 Flashcards

1
Q

The space inside blood vessels and capillaries

A

Intravascular space

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2
Q

the fluid space between cells

A

interstitial space

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3
Q

Edema

A

excess fluid in the interstitial space. A result of increased net filtration

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4
Q

Filtration

A

Movement out of the intravascular space and into interstitial space

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5
Q

Reabsorption

A

The opposite of filtration. Movement out of interstitial space and into intravascular space

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6
Q

edema increases with?

A

filtration

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7
Q

edema decreases with?

A

Reabsorption

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8
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

the PUSHING force of a fluid

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9
Q

Oncotic pressure

A

The PULLING force of large particles such as albumin dissolved in plasma

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10
Q

If there is greater hydrostatic pressure in the intravascular space space than in the interstitial space…?

A

Fluid will be pushed out of the intravascular space and into the interstitial space (filtration)

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11
Q

If interstitial hydrostatic pressure is greater in the interstitial space than in the intravascular space…?

A

Fluid will be pushed back into the intravascular space (reabsorption)

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12
Q

if the intravascular (capillary) oncotic pressure is greater than the interstitial oncotic pressure….?

A

Fluid will be pulled back into the intravascular space from the interstitial space (reabsorption)

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13
Q

If interstitial oncotic pressure is greater than the intravascular (capillary) oncotic pressure…?

A

fluid will be pulled out of the intravascular space and into the interstitial space (filtration)

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14
Q

forces that favour filtration

A

Intravascular (capillary) hydrostatic pressure and Interstitial oncotic pressure

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15
Q

Forces that favour reabsorption

A

Intravascular (capillary) oncotic pressure and interstitial hydrostatic pressure

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16
Q

Example of an intravascular fluid volume deficit

A

dehydration

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17
Q

Dehydration is a?

A

isotonic loss

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18
Q

What age group has the highest amount of body water?

A

babies

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19
Q

The majority of the bodies fluid is in the?

A

intracellular space

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20
Q

Example of a intravascular fluid excess?

A

fluid overload

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21
Q

intravascular fluid overload is a?

A

isotonic gain

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22
Q

Fluid over load caused BP to?

A

increase

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23
Q

Why does fluid overload cause edema?

A

because excess volume in the intravascular space causes increased capillary hydrostatic pressure and therefore pushes water out of intravascular space and into interstitial space (filtration)

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24
Q

Edema can be caused by? (4 things)

A
  1. increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
  2. decreased capillary (colloid) oncotic pressure
  3. Lymphatic obstruction
  4. Increased capillary permeability
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25
Q

congestive heart failure, renal failure and cirhosis of the liver cause?

A

increased capillary hydrostatic pressure

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26
Q

liver disease or protein malnutrition causes?

A

decreased plasma oncotic pressure because less plasma proteins are being made

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27
Q

Sodium is a major regulator of

A

osmotic forces

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28
Q

In hypertonic solutions, water will?

A

shift out of cells

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29
Q

Hypertonic solution

A

More sodium in the solution, so water will shift out of the cell

30
Q

Fluid overload is a?

A

isotonic excess, meaning sodium and water are lost in proportion to each other.

31
Q

Hypotonic imbalances mean water will shift?

A

into cells because now there is more water in the cells environment and less in the cell, therefore water moves in

32
Q

concentration of extracellular fluid is decreased in?

A

hypotonic imbalances

33
Q

what is the primary intracellular cation

A

potassium (K+)

34
Q

Sodium (Na) is mostly..?

A

extracellular

35
Q

volatile acids

A

can be eliminated through the lungs as CO2 gas

36
Q

Nonvolatile acids

A

can be eliminated by the kidneys

37
Q

Carbonic acid is a?

A

volatile acid

38
Q

Bicarbonate (HCO3-) is a?

A

base that is conserved or excreted by the renal tubules

39
Q

Respiratory acidosis

A

too much PCO2

40
Q

Respiratory acidosis is caused by

A

Slow shallow breathing or poor gas exchange

41
Q

respiratory alkalosis

A

too little PCO2

42
Q

Respiratory alkalosis is caused by

A

rapid, deep breathing

43
Q

Metabolic acidosis

A

too little bicarbonate (HCO3-)

44
Q

Metabolic alkalosis

A

too much bicarbonate ion or not enough acid

45
Q

potassium imbalances mostly affect the

A

heart

46
Q

sodium imbalances mostly affect the

A

brain

47
Q

normal value of pH?

A

7.35-7.45

48
Q

Normal value of PCO2?

A

35 - 45

49
Q

Normal value of HCO3-?

A

22-26

50
Q

Renal failure will cause

A

increased capillary hydrostatic pressure

51
Q

Heart failure will cause

A

increased capillary hydrostatic pressure

52
Q

Venous thrombosis (thrombophlebitis) will cause

A

increased capillary hydrostatic pressure

53
Q

Protein losing kidney disease will cause

A

decreased capillary oncotic pressure

54
Q

allergic reaction will cause

A

increased capillary permeability

55
Q

Radial masectomy will cause

A

lymph obstruction

56
Q

Giving a diuretic drug will relieve edema by?

A

decreasing capillary hydrostatic pressure (fluid stays in the capillary to be excreted)

57
Q

elevating edematous feet will relieve edema by?

A

improving venous return

58
Q

putting on elastic support stockings will decrease edema by?

A

increase interstitial hydrostatic pressure

59
Q

administering IV albumin will decrease edema by?

A

Increasing plasma oncotic pressure

60
Q

Increased ADH will lead to?

A

a hypotonic fluid imbalance

61
Q

insufficient ADH could cause?

A

Hypernatremia

62
Q

Acute acidosis could cause?

A

hyperkalemia

63
Q

Hyperaldosteronism could lead to?

A

hypokalemia

64
Q

Insufficient ADH will cause

A

a hypertonic imbalance (Pee out water and keep sodium)

65
Q

Hypertonic fluid imbalances are primarily related to?

A

cell dehydration

66
Q

Increased ADH will cause?

A

a hypotonic imbalance (too much water reabsorbed)

67
Q

Decreased reflexes occur with?

A

hypotonic imbalances

68
Q

Increased reflexes occur with?

A

hypertonic imbalances

69
Q

Hypoaldosteronism can cause?

A

Hyperkalemia

70
Q

Hyperaldosteronism can cause?

A

hypokalemia

71
Q

Which acid is excreted through the the lungs?

A

carbonic acid

Pathophysiology (21 decks)

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