Class 18 & 19 Flashcards
Esophageal atresia
condition in which the esophagus ends in a pouch (dead end) and does not connect to the stomach
tracheoesophageal fistula
abnormal connection between the trachea and the esophagus
in which congenital anomaly is vomiting and drooling common
Esophageal atresia
In which congenital anomaly is choking and coughing (due to milk in lungs) and abdominal distension (due to air getting into stomach) common in?
tracheoesophageal fistula
what are complications of tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia
repeated pneumonia and failure to gain weight
Paralysis of a tube is also called?
a functional obstruction
A physical thing that blocks a tube is an example of?
a mechanical obstruction
Why will ischemia and necrosis occur with obstructions
due to accumulation of gas and fluid which causes bloating. This puts pressure on blood vessels and results in less blood flow.
Hirschsprung Disease
also called congenital aganglionic megacolon. There is reduced PNS innervation to the colon. The result is a hugely distended colon.
Manifestations of colon cancer
- pain
- change in bowel habits
- bleeding or anemia
- fatigue
mortality rate of pancreatic cancer
almost 100% due to late diagnosis
Why is pernicious anemia a complication of gastritis?
cannot absorb vitamin B12 because there is no intrinsic factor which is usually produced in the stomach
Why is gastric carcinoma a complication of gastritis?
due to chronic inflammation
Peptic ulcer disease can be a complication of?
gastritis
PUD
a break or ulceration in the protective mucosal lining of the stomach or duodenum
Ischemic ulcers
caused by decreased blood flow
cushing ulcers
associated with severe head injury or brain surgery
curling ulcers
associated with burn injuries
stress ulcer
a type of peptic ulcer that is related to severe illness, neural injury or systemic trauma
Skip lesions are a characteristic of?
crohns disease
Layers of the bowel involved in crohns disease?
entire intestinal wall
Layers of the bowel involved in ulcerative colitis?
the mucosa (inner lining of the colon)
what involves profound diarrhea
ulcerative colitis
dehydration is a complication of?
ulcerative colitis
Pain is worse in?
crohns disease
Cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
What are two main manifestations of cholecystitis?
biliary colic and intolerance to fatty foods
Acute pancreatitis is associated with?
gallstones and heavy intake of alcohol
Hepatitis
inflammation caused by exposure to drugs or other chemicals or by viral infections
What happens in the prodromal phase of viral hepatitis?
fatigue, anorexia and nausea
What happens in the icteric phase of viral hepatitis?
jaundice, dark urine and bile salts on skin makes skin itchy
2 main consequences of cirrhosis
portal hypertension and acites
Portal hypertension can cause?
esophageal varices and acites
esophageal varices
varicose veins in the esophagus that are prone to rupturing. Potentially life threatening complication of liver failure
What 3 leading causes of death are associated with obesity?
- Coronary artery disease
- Type 2 diabetes
- Cancer
Narrowing in the distal end of the stomach
pyloric stenosis
Twisting of the bowel
volvulus
Telescoping of one part of the intestine into the other
intussusception
Protrusion of intestines through weakness in abdominal wall
hernia
What are two risk factors for GERD?
- relaxed lower esophageal sphincter
2. Increased abdominal pressure (pushes acid up)
What can cause a relaxed lower esophageal sphincter
age, drugs, alcohol, nicotine, hiatial hernia
What can cause an increased abdominal pressure?
obesity and pregnancy
Acute gastritis takes place in the?
antrum
Chronic gastritis takes place in the?
fundus
Chronic gastritis is usually?
autoimmune
which disease has continuous inflammation with pinpoint hemorrhages?
UC
Where is binary colic felt?
in the upper right quadrant
