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Pathophysiology > Class 23 > Flashcards

Class 23 Flashcards

1
Q

Inflammatory process of the external female genitalia, often caused by irritants

A

vulvitis

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2
Q

inflammation of the lining of the uterus

A

endometritis

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3
Q

Candida albicans infection is common in those who?

A

have been taking antibiotics, have DM or or taking birth control pills

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4
Q

what causes a thick, cheesy like discharge?

A

candid albicans (yeast infection)

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5
Q

Candida albicans causes?

A

vaginitis

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6
Q

Parasite that causes vaginitis

A

trichomonas

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7
Q

Inflammation/infection of the Fallopian tubes

A

salpingitis. Often ends in adhesions and scarring and thus infertility

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8
Q

Mastitis

A

infection or inflammation of the breast tissue

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9
Q

This type of infection has a wedge shaped appearance and will only involve one quadrant of the breast tissue

A

mastitis

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10
Q
  • Acute inflammatory process of any organ of the upper reproductive tract
  • Most common and most serious consequence of STI (gonorrhea and chlamydia)
  • Can lead to infertility or ectopic pregnancy, painful intercourse
A

Pelvic inflammatory disease

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11
Q

Complications of PID

A
  • adhesions

- Fallopian tube and ovarian involvement

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12
Q

What are the risk factors for PID

A
  • Age (16-24)

- multiple sexual partners

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13
Q

Urethritis

A

inflammation/infection of the urethra

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14
Q

Balanitis

A

infection/inflammation of the glans itself

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15
Q

Orchitis

A

inflammation of the testes

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16
Q

What is a common cause of orchitis in post pubertal males?

A

mumps infection

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17
Q

a sudden set of really severe fever, marked exhaustion, and unilateral or bilateral swelling of the scrotum, as well as leukocytosis

A

orchitis

18
Q

Complications of orchitis

A
  • atrophy of the testes
  • decreased spermatogenesis
  • infertility
19
Q

an increase in the number or the formation of cysts and fibrous tissue in the breast itself

A

Fibrocystic changes (benign)

20
Q

What can increase fibrocystic changes?

A

use of caffeine

21
Q

The manifestations tend to wax and wane with the hormonal cycle. So a women tends to experience lumpy, bumpy, very tender breasts, and even sometimes some nipple discharges during certain parts of the menstrual cycle

A

Fibrocystic changes

22
Q

What is often the first signs of breast cancer?

A

a painless lump in the upper, outer quadrant of the breast

23
Q

What is the main difference between inflammatory breast cancer and breast infection?

A

with inflammatory breast cancer, the whole breast is involved

24
Q

a rare but aggressive type of breast cancer that develops rapidly and makes the affected breast look very red and swollen and very tender feeling

A

inflammatory breast cancer

25
Q

In which type of breast cancer is the lump usually absent?

A

inflammatory breast cancer (breast appears normal until tumour cells invade and block lymph nodes)

26
Q

What is the necessary precursor for the development of dysplasia and cervical cancer?

A

HPV

27
Q

What is the first sign of changes in cervical cancer

A

shiny white discolouration on the cervix

28
Q

What type of female cancer is slow growing and can be cured easily?

A

cervical cancer

29
Q

Endometrial cancer is a?

A

adenocarcinoma

30
Q

What is the most common cause of gynaecological cancer in women?

A

endometrial cancer

31
Q

Cancer that is known as the silent killer

A

ovarian cancer

32
Q

Hypospadias

A

when the urethra opens on the underside of the penis

33
Q

Epispadias

A

when the urethra opens on the upper surface of the penis

34
Q

Phimosis

A

when the foreskin is to tight to be moved backwards over the glans

35
Q

Paraphimosis

A

when the foreskin cannot be moved forwards over the glans once it has already been retracted

36
Q

Varicocele

A

abnormal dilation of veins in the spermatic cord

37
Q

Hydrocele

A

a collection of fluid in the outermost layer of the testes

38
Q

Cryptorchidism

A

an undescended teste

39
Q

Torsion of the testes

A

happens when the teste rotates on itself and cuts off blood supply

40
Q

Cystocele and urethrocele

A

the bladder and the anterior wall of the vagina is projects into the vaginal canal

41
Q

Primary amenorrhea

A

no menstrual cycle before the age of 14 along with no secondary sex characteristics

42
Q

Secondary amenorrhea

A

when a women misses 3 or more menstrual cycles

Pathophysiology (21 decks)

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