Class 23 Flashcards
Inflammatory process of the external female genitalia, often caused by irritants
vulvitis
inflammation of the lining of the uterus
endometritis
Candida albicans infection is common in those who?
have been taking antibiotics, have DM or or taking birth control pills
what causes a thick, cheesy like discharge?
candid albicans (yeast infection)
Candida albicans causes?
vaginitis
Parasite that causes vaginitis
trichomonas
Inflammation/infection of the Fallopian tubes
salpingitis. Often ends in adhesions and scarring and thus infertility
Mastitis
infection or inflammation of the breast tissue
This type of infection has a wedge shaped appearance and will only involve one quadrant of the breast tissue
mastitis
- Acute inflammatory process of any organ of the upper reproductive tract
- Most common and most serious consequence of STI (gonorrhea and chlamydia)
- Can lead to infertility or ectopic pregnancy, painful intercourse
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Complications of PID
- adhesions
- Fallopian tube and ovarian involvement
What are the risk factors for PID
- Age (16-24)
- multiple sexual partners
Urethritis
inflammation/infection of the urethra
Balanitis
infection/inflammation of the glans itself
Orchitis
inflammation of the testes
What is a common cause of orchitis in post pubertal males?
mumps infection
a sudden set of really severe fever, marked exhaustion, and unilateral or bilateral swelling of the scrotum, as well as leukocytosis
orchitis
Complications of orchitis
- atrophy of the testes
- decreased spermatogenesis
- infertility
an increase in the number or the formation of cysts and fibrous tissue in the breast itself
Fibrocystic changes (benign)
What can increase fibrocystic changes?
use of caffeine
The manifestations tend to wax and wane with the hormonal cycle. So a women tends to experience lumpy, bumpy, very tender breasts, and even sometimes some nipple discharges during certain parts of the menstrual cycle
Fibrocystic changes
What is often the first signs of breast cancer?
a painless lump in the upper, outer quadrant of the breast
What is the main difference between inflammatory breast cancer and breast infection?
with inflammatory breast cancer, the whole breast is involved
a rare but aggressive type of breast cancer that develops rapidly and makes the affected breast look very red and swollen and very tender feeling
inflammatory breast cancer
In which type of breast cancer is the lump usually absent?
inflammatory breast cancer (breast appears normal until tumour cells invade and block lymph nodes)
What is the necessary precursor for the development of dysplasia and cervical cancer?
HPV
What is the first sign of changes in cervical cancer
shiny white discolouration on the cervix
What type of female cancer is slow growing and can be cured easily?
cervical cancer
Endometrial cancer is a?
adenocarcinoma
What is the most common cause of gynaecological cancer in women?
endometrial cancer
Cancer that is known as the silent killer
ovarian cancer
Hypospadias
when the urethra opens on the underside of the penis
Epispadias
when the urethra opens on the upper surface of the penis
Phimosis
when the foreskin is to tight to be moved backwards over the glans
Paraphimosis
when the foreskin cannot be moved forwards over the glans once it has already been retracted
Varicocele
abnormal dilation of veins in the spermatic cord
Hydrocele
a collection of fluid in the outermost layer of the testes
Cryptorchidism
an undescended teste
Torsion of the testes
happens when the teste rotates on itself and cuts off blood supply
Cystocele and urethrocele
the bladder and the anterior wall of the vagina is projects into the vaginal canal
Primary amenorrhea
no menstrual cycle before the age of 14 along with no secondary sex characteristics
Secondary amenorrhea
when a women misses 3 or more menstrual cycles
