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ExSc 385 - Personal Training Strategies > Class 25 > Flashcards

Class 25 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. pronation involves foot eversion, adduction, and dorsiflexion
    b. supination involves inversion, abduction, and plantar flexion
A

neither are true

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2
Q
  1. Which footprint illustrates pronation and supination, respectively?
  2. 1 and 2
  3. 1 and 3
  4. 2 and 3
  5. 3 and 1
A

b

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3
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. over-supination promotes knee varus, hip external rotation, and a PPT
    b. over-pronation promotes knee valgus, hip internal rotation, and an APT
A

both are true

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4
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. supination involves shock-absorption
    b. pronation involves propulsion
A

neither are true

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5
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. pronation involves the reactive, stretch phase
    b. supination involves the active, shortening phase
A

both are true

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6
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. supination involves the eccentric phase in which key muscles elongate
    b. pronation involves the concentric phase in which key muscles shorten
A

neither are true

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7
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. during pronation, the gastrocnemius stretches; during supination, the gastrocnemius shortens
    b. during pronation, the gastrocnemius shortens; during supination, the gastrocnemius stretches
A

a

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8
Q
  1. Which ankle joint facilitates foot pronation and supination?
  2. talocrural joint
  3. subtalar joint
  4. transverse tarsal joint
A

b

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9
Q
  1. If the talus bone points inward (medially), the foot is _____; if the talus bone points outward (laterally), the foot is _____.
  2. supinated; pronated
  3. pronated; supinated
A

b

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10
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. the subtalar joint and ankle can’t function optimally when the feet are turned outward (duck) or inward (pigeon) excessively during gait
    b. when walking or running, most arm motion should occur at the elbow joint versus the shoulder joint
A

a

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11
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. when walking or running, as your navel rotates one way, your pelvis should rotate the opposite way
    b. when walking or running, your navel should rotate about two-inches toward the lead leg during each step
A

a

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12
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. the spinal engine generates and releases elastic energy to improve exercise economy
    b. when walking, foot/heel contact should normally not be in front or behind the gravity line reference point
A

both are true

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13
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. at midstance your weight pressure should shift along the subtalar axis to promote foot eversion and abduction; as this occurs, it promotes slight dorsiflexion along the ankle axis
    b. at push-off, your weight pressure should shift along the subtalar axis to promote foot inversion and adduction; as this occurs, it promotes plantar flexion along the ankle axis
A

both are true

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14
Q
  1. This participant could improve the _____ phase of her gait pattern.
  2. pronation
  3. supination
A

a

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15
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. a noisy gait means too much force is being delivered to the feet, ankles, knees, hips, and spine
    b. a proper toe push-off is crucial in maintaining normal fore-foot and toe ROM, along with proper activation of the gastrocnemius and soleus
A

both are true

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16
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. if a person stands in a sway back posture, he or she probably walks using the same sway back posture
    b. walking with good form is one of the best ways to improve ankle and foot function
A

both are true

17
Q
  1. Inward curving of the Achilles’ tendon indicates _____.
  2. over-pronation
  3. over-supination
A

a

18
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. if you over-pronate at midstance, press the cuboid bone into the floor from midstance to push-off
    b. if you over-supinate at midstance, press the navicular and first metatarsal bones into the floor from midstance to push-off
A

both are true

19
Q
  1. Name the bones of the foot in illustration 1 and 2, respectively.
  2. cuboid; navicular
  3. navicular; cuboid
A

a

20
Q
  1. This person _____ his right foot.
  2. over-supinates
  3. over-pronates
  4. neither; his right foot looks neutral
A

b

21
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. those who over-pronate, tend to have an underactive anterior tibialis muscle
    b. those who over-pronate, tend to have an overactive posterior tibialis muscle
A

a

22
Q
  1. The glute max is an _____ hip rotator, which promotes foot _____.
  2. internal; pronation
  3. internal; supination
  4. external; supination
  5. external; pronation
A

c

23
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. those who over-supinate, tend to have an underactive peroneus longus and brevis
    b. those who over-supinate, need better activation of the hip internal rotation muscles (TFL, anterior gluteus medius; gluteus minimus, adductor complex) to minimize excessive hip external rotation
A

both are true

24
Q
  1. Exercise 1 is intended to fix _____; exercise 2 is intended to fix _____.
  2. over-pronation; over-pronation
  3. over-supination; over-pronation
  4. over-supination; over-supination
  5. over-pronation; over-supination
A

b

25
Q
  1. Exercise 1 is intended to fix _____; exercise 2 is intended to fix _____.
  2. over-supination; over-supination
  3. over-pronation; over-pronation
  4. over-supination; over-pronation
  5. over-pronation; over-supination
A

c

26
Q
  1. Exercise 1 is intended to fix _____; exercise 2 is intended to fix _____.
  2. over-supination; over-supination
  3. over-pronation; over-pronation
  4. over-supination; over-pronation
  5. over-pronation; over-supination
A

d

27
Q
  1. Orthotics look like they instantly solve foot and ankle misalignment issues, but this is based on appearance-only. Unfortunately, foot orthotics do little to train and improve the neuro-muscular system and resolve any functional issues.
  2. true
  3. false
A

a

28
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. releasing various muscles is fine, especially for those who over-supinate, but proper muscle activation is the priority
    b. those who over-pronate should wear anti-pronator shoes; this way they don’t have to worry about fixing the problem
A

a

29
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. the foot tripod represents the three arches of the foot
    b. listening feet enhance performance; listening feet lower the risk of injury
A

both are true

ExSc 385 - Personal Training Strategies (40 decks)

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