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ExSc 385 - Personal Training Strategies > Chapter 37 > Flashcards

Chapter 37 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Who coined the terms: lower-crossed syndrome (LCS) and upper-crossed syndrome (UCS)?
  2. Andreo Spina
  3. Stuart McGill
  4. Vladimir Janda
  5. Michael Boyle
A

c

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2
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. LCS goes with lumbar spine hyperextension
    b. UCS goes with underactive lumbar erector spinae muscles
A

a

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3
Q
  1. Overactive _____ muscles and underactive _____ muscles lead to an LCS.
  2. glute max; rectus abdominis
  3. rectus abdominis; psoas
  4. psoas; glute max
  5. erectors spinae; psoas
A

c

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4
Q
  1. Overactive _____ muscles and underactive _____ muscles lead to an UCS.
  2. levator scapula; lower trapezius
  3. lower trapezius; levator scapula
  4. deep neck flexors; serratus anterior
  5. serratus anterior; upper trapezius
A

a

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5
Q
  1. Runners tend to have a(n)_____; MMA fighters tend to have a(n) _____.
  2. PPT; APT
  3. APT; PPT
  4. PPT; PPT
  5. APT; APT
A

b

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6
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. an APT allows for a better forward kick
    b. a PPT allows for a better rearward kick
A

neither are true

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7
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. a person can have both a LCS and UCS at the same time
    b. a person can’t have a LCS and UCS at the same time
A

a

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8
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. a person can have a pronation distortion syndrome (PDS) and LCS at the same time
    b. a person can have a PDS, LCS, and UCS at the same time
A

both are true

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9
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. a PDS goes with hip external rotation
    b. a PDS goes with flat feet
A

b

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10
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. an APT promote internally rotated femurs
    b. a PPT promote externally rotated femurs
A

both are true

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11
Q
  1. Overactive _____ muscles and underactive _____ muscles lead to a PDS.
  2. glute max; anterior tibialis
  3. anterior tibialis; glute max
  4. posterior tibialis; adductor complex
  5. adductor complex; posterior tibialis
A

d

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12
Q
  1. Muscles not doing their job leads to _____.
  2. poor body posture
  3. poor movement patterns
  4. pain and injury
  5. all the above
A

d

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13
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. pregnancy often leads to APT, LCS, and internally rotated hips and shoulders
    b. pregnancy often leads to LCS, PDS, forward head, and pronated feet
A

both are true

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14
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. a diastasis recti is common during pregnancy and in marathon runners
    b. a diastasis recti is common in those with a large abdomen and in body builders
A

b

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15
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. a diastasis recti is due to pulling the linea alba closer together
    b. diastasis recti is minimized when intra-abdominal pressures (IAPs) are high
A

neither are true

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16
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. pain or injury usually cause the deep muscles to hyper-activate in response
    b. a C-section often inhibits the inner corset muscles
A

b

17
Q
  1. Who wrote the Back Mechanic book?
  2. Andreo Spina
  3. Stuart McGill
  4. Vladimir Janda
  5. Michael Boyle
A

b

18
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. understanding why a modern human develops an intervertebral disc (IVD) bulge or herniation is very complex and difficult to understand
    b. the IVD is inherently weak and prone to injury
A

neither are true

19
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. IVD injury is not a surprising occurrence in the modern human
    b. IVD injury rates are based on the capacity-load equation
A

both are true

20
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. surgery is the only way to fix an IVD injury
    b. IVD injury is idiopathic with no real explanation
A

neither are true

21
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. sometimes an IVD injury is so severe, surgery is the only option
    b. behavior change has no real influence on IVD repair
A

a

22
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. standing with perfect posture is more stressful to the lumbar spine than sitting with perfect posture
    b. leaning forward is a good way to take stress off the lumbar spine
A

neither are true

23
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. lying supine minimizes lumbar spine compression force
    b. lying on your side increases lumbar spine compression force about 2X compared to lying supine
A

both are true

24
Q
  1. Who tends to have the most job-related lumbar compression stress?
  2. professor
  3. dentist
  4. barber
  5. office manager
A

b

25
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. it’s silly to think that bending over to pick up a golf ball can cause a spinal injury; the lumbar compression force is too low
    b. the switch-point concept involves turning on or off the erector spinae muscles is based on postural alignment
A

b

26
Q
  1. The back extension exercise is vital for preventing low back issues.
  2. yes
  3. no
A

b

27
Q
  1. The superman exercise _____ lumbar compression forces by _____ compared with the bird dog exercise.
  2. increases; 2X
  3. decreases; 2X
  4. increases; 5X
  5. decreases; 5X
A

a

28
Q
  1. Forceful and repeated _____ of the spine over several years can push the IVD nucleus material toward the spinal nerves.
  2. forward flexion
  3. rearward extension
A

a

29
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. the IVD’s annulus is like plywood
    b. with proper self-care, the IVD’s annulus should remain intact and healthy for a lifetime
A

both are true

30
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. the rower’s muscle is the latissimus dorsi
    b. the rower’s disease is IVD disc herniation
A

c

31
Q
  1. A common muscular sling involves the latissimus dorsi and gluteus maximus. In this case, the _____ side muscles team up to power shoulder and hip _____ at the same time during one’s gait cycle.
  2. same; flexion
  3. same; extension
  4. opposite; flexion
  5. opposite; extension
A

d

32
Q
  1. A muscular sling improves _____.
  2. force production efficiency
  3. joint stability
  4. both a and b
A

c

33
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. if a person’s lumbar multifidus is underactive, his or her erector spinae is more likely to be overactive
    b. muscle endurance is more important than muscle strength when it comes to preventing or resolving low back pain
A

both are true

34
Q
  1. The following explain why this puts a high load on his lumbar spine, except?
  2. he is leaning forward
  3. his lumbar spine is probably flexed
  4. his erector spinae muscles are not active enough
  5. he’s lifting a heavy weight
A

c

35
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. those with low back issues should avoid the Pallof exercise
    b. foam rolling is good way to move the nucleus material back into the IVD when someone has a herniated disc
A

neither are true

36
Q
  1. Of the following, which is the best exercise for the low back?
  2. resistance exercise
  3. walking at a brisk pace using good form
  4. balance training
  5. SAQ training
A

b

37
Q
  1. Which statements are true?
    a. trunk rotation creates a problem for the lumbar spine when the joints above (t-spine) and below (hip joints) have a limited ROM
    b. most sports put a relatively low load on the lumbar spine
A

a

ExSc 385 - Personal Training Strategies (40 decks)

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