circulatory system

Question 1

what are the functions of the circulatory system?

Answer 1

• Circulate blood to body
• Transport O2, water and nutrients to cells in the blood
• Transport CO2 and wastes away from the cells
• Maintain body temperature
• White blood cells fight infection

Question 2

what are is the structure of the circulatory system?

Answer 2

1. heart
2. blood vessels
3. blood

Question 3

what is the heart?

Answer 3

• Muscular pump which contracts continuously to drive blood around the body through the blood vessels
• Protected by the ribs, sternum and vertebral column

Question 4

how does blood flow through the heart?

Answer 4

1. enters through the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava
2. goes into the right atrium
3. then through the tricuspid valve
4. it goes through the right ventricle
5. into the pulmonary valve
6. out through the pulmonary artery
7. goes to the lungs where is becomes oxygenated
8. returns back through the pulmonary vein
9. into the left atrian
10. through the mitrial valve
11. into the left ventricle
12. through the atora where it is pumped to the rest of the body

Question 5

what is the cardiac cycle?

Answer 5

• Comprises two separate “circuits” in the body in which blood will travel
• Left and right of the heart function as 2 separate pumps

Question 6

what is systemic circulation?

Answer 6

Carries blood from the heart to all parts of the body (except lungs) and back again

Question 7

what is pulmonary circulation?

Answer 7

Carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back again

Question 8

what are blood vessels?

Answer 8

Responsible for carrying blood from the heart, taking it to different parts of the body and then returning it to the heart.

Question 9

what are arteries?

Answer 9

• Carry blood away from the heart
• Thick, muscular walls
• No valves
• Blood under high BP

Question 10

what are veins?

Answer 10

• Carry blood toward the heart
• thin, collapsible walls
• Valves present
• Blood under low BP

Question 11

what are capillaries?

Answer 11

• Allow the passing (diffusion) of oxygen to tissues and removal of carbon dioxide
• Very thin walls - only 1 cell thick
• Branch from the arterioles and venules to form a network

Question 12

what is blood?

Answer 12

Fluid that is transported through the pumping action of the heart via the blood vessels, to every cell of the body

Question 13

what are the functions of blood?

Answer 13

• Transport of nutrients and waste products
• Regulation of body’s temperature
• Protection of the body

Question 14

what are the 4 components of blood?

Answer 14

plasma
red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets

Question 15

what is plasma?

Answer 15

55% of blood

• Clear yellow fluid
• carries the blood cells and is continually passed through capillary walls and into tissues

Question 16

what are red blood cells?

Answer 16

45% of blood

• Give blood its RED colour
• carries oxygen to the cells and the removal of carbon dioxide away from the cells

Question 17

what are white blood cells?

Answer 17

<1%

- Responsible for moving to sites of infection where they destroy bacteria

Question 18

what are platelets?

Answer 18

• Produced in bone marrow

- cause the blood to clot when a vessel is damaged, to prevent excess bleeding

Question 19

what is heart rate?

Answer 19

The number of times the heart beats each minute

Question 20

what is stroke volume?

Answer 20

The amount of blood that is ejected from the left ventricle with each beat of the heart

Question 21

what is cardiac output?

Answer 21

The amount of blood that is ejected from the heart per minute.