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BIOL 235 > Chr. 5 - Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chr. 5 - Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

[5.1] What are the two components of the cutaneous membrane?

A

Epidermis and dermis.

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2
Q

[5.1] What are lamellated corpuscles?

A

Nerve endings sensitive to pressure.

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3
Q

[5.1] What is deep to the dermis?

A

The subcutaneous layer.

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4
Q

[5.1] Describe the epidermis.

A

A layer of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, composed of four types of cells: keratinocytes, melanocytes, intraepidermal macrophages, and tactile epithelial cells.

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5
Q

[5.1] What are keratinocytes?

A

Cells that produce the keratin, a tough fibrous protein protecting the skin and layers deep to it, and lamellar granules.

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6
Q

[5.1] What are lamellar granules?

A

Secretory organelles secreted by keratinocytes, forming a water-repellant membrane.

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7
Q

[5.1] What are melanocytes?

A

Cells in the epidermis that produce melanin.

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8
Q

[5.1] What is melanin?

A

A yellow-red or brown-black pigment able to absorb UV light, responsible for shade of skin.

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9
Q

[5.1] What are intraepidermal macrophages?

A

Cells participating in immune responses by recognizing foreign microbes.

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10
Q

[5.1] What are tactile epithelial cells?

A

Cells containing a tactile disc, aiding in detecting of touch sensation.

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11
Q

[5.1] What is thin skin?

A

Regions of the epidermis where only four strata are present: stratum basale, spinosum, granulosum, and corneum.

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12
Q

[5.1] What is thick skin?

A

Regions of the epidermis where five strata are present: stratum basale, spinosum, granulosum, and corneum, and lucidum.

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13
Q

[5.1] What is the stratum basale?

A

The deepest layer of the epidermis composed of a single row of cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes.

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14
Q

[5.1] What is the stratum spinosum?

A

Layer of keratinocytes about 8-10 layers thick, containing coarser bundles of keratin that extend into the desmosomes, providing increased strength and flexibility.

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15
Q

[5.1] What is the stratum granulosum?

A

Layer of epidermis superficial to spinosum, where keratinocytes are undergoing apoptosis. Presence of keratohyalin defines this layer, which is responsible for forming lamellar granules.

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16
Q

[5.1] What is the stratum lucidum?

A

Layer of epidermis superficial to granulosum, consisting of 4-6 layers of clear dead keratinocytes, providing additional toughness.

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17
Q

[5.1] What is the stratum corneum?

A

Layer of epidermis most superficial, consisting of 25-30 layers of dead keratinocytes.

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18
Q

[5.1] Describe the process of keratinization.

A

Cells moving from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum, accumulating more keratin as they progress.

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19
Q

[5.1] Describe the dermis.

A

Deeper part of the skin composed of dense irregular connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers.

20
Q

[5.1] What is the papillary region?

A

Superficial region containing collagen and fine elastic fibers.

21
Q

[5.1] What are dermal papillae?

A

Dome-shaped structures of papillary region projecting to underside of epidermis, increasing surface area.

22
Q

[5.1] What are free nerve endings?

A

Dendrites that lack structural specialization, found in dermal papillae.

23
Q

[5.1] Describe the reticular region.

A

Layer of dermis attaching to subcutaneous layer, contains thick collagen fibers, fibroblasts, and wandering cells. Provides strength, extensibility, and elasticity.

24
Q

[5.1] What are epidermal ridges?

A

A series of ridges and grooves present on the tips of digits, creating strong bonds between epidermis and dermis as well as increasing surface area for grip.

25
Q

[5.1] Which pigments impart shades to skin?

A

Melanin, hemoglobin, and carotene.

26
Q

[5.2] Describe hair.

A

Columns of dead keratinized epidermal cells bonded by extracellular proteins.

27
Q

[5.2] What is the hair shaft?

A

Superficial portion of the hair projecting above the surface of the skin.

28
Q

[5.2] What is the hair root?

A

Portion of the hair deep to the skin, projecting from either the dermis or the subcutaneous layer.

29
Q

[5.2] What is the hair follicle?

A

A structure made of the epithelial root sheath, and the dermal root sheath

30
Q

[5.2] What two compnents make up the epithelial root sheath?

A

The external root sheath and the internal root sheath.

31
Q

[5.2] What is the external root sheath?

A

Part of the hair follicle formed by the downward extension of the epidermis.

32
Q

[5.2] What is the internal root sheath?

A

A sheath formed by epithelium between external root sheath and the hair.

33
Q

[5.2] What is the dermal root sheath?

A

Dense dermis surrounding the epithelial root sheath.

34
Q

[5.2] What is the hair bulb?

A

The base of a hair follicle and it’s surrounding dermal root sheath.

35
Q

[5.2] What is the papilla of the hair?

A

A dome-shaped indentation containing areolar connective tissue and blood vessels, nourishing the hair follicle.

36
Q

[5.2] What is arrector pili?

A

Smooth muscles within the dermis attached to hairs, controlling movement of hair via contractions.

37
Q

[5.2] Describe a sebaceous gland.

A

Simple branched acinar glands secretion secreting sebum.

38
Q

[5.2] What is sebum?

A

A mixture of triglycerides, cholesterol, proteins, and inorganic salts.

39
Q

[5.2] Describe a sudoriferous gland.

A

Glands secreting sweat, classified into eccrine and apocrine.

40
Q

[5.2] What is an eccrine sweat gland?

A

Simple coiled tubular glands deep in dermis that open to the surface of epidermis.

41
Q

[5.2] What is an apocrine gland?

A

Simple coiled tubular glands with larger ducts and lumens that open to hair follicles.

42
Q

[5.2] Describe ceruminous gland.

A

Glands present in subcutaneous layer in the external auditory canal and secrete cerumen.

43
Q

[5.2] Describe a nail.

A

Plates of tightly packed, hard, dead keratinized epidermal cells.

44
Q

[5.2] List the components of a nail.

A
  1. Nail body.
  2. Free edge.
  3. Nail root.
  4. Lunula
  5. Hyponychium
  6. Nail bed
  7. Eponychium
  8. Nail matrix.
45
Q

[5.3] What are the types of skin?

A

Thin (hairy) skin and thick (hairless) skin.

46
Q

[5.4] What are the functions of skin?

A

Thermoregulation, blood reservoir, protection, excretion and absorption, cutaneous sensation, synthesis of vitamin D.

BIOL 235 (29 decks)

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