Chr. 27 - Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis Flashcards
[27.1] What is a body fluid?
A substance produced by the body consisting of water and dissolved solutes.
Two main types: intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid.
[27.1] What is intracellular fluid?
Fluid with the cell.
[27.1] What is extracellular fluid?
Fluid existing outside cells.
[27.1] What is interstitial fluid?
Extracellular fluid existing in the microscopic spaces between tissue cells. 80% of extracellular fluid.
[27.1] What is blood plasma?
Extracellular fluid composing the liquid portion of blood. 20% of extracellular fluid.
[27.1] What is fluid balance?
The required amount of water and solutes correctly proportioned among the various compartments.
[27.1] What is the largest signle component of the body?
Water, 45-75% of total mass.
[27.1] What is an electrolyte?
Inorganic compounds that dissociate into ions when dissolved. Affects fluid balance through osmosis.
[27.1] What is metabolic water?
Water produced in the body when electrons are accepted by oxygen during aerobic respiration. 200mL/day
[27.1] What is the thirst center?
An area of the hypothalamus governing the urge to drink.
[27.1] What is dehydration?
A decrease in water volume and increase in osmolarity of body fluids.
[27.1] What are osmoreceptors?
Receptors in the hypothalamus that detect increased blood osmolarity and stimulate the thirst center.
[27.1] What receptors stimulate the thirst center?
Water BANS:
1. Baroreceptors in blood vessels
2. Angiotensin II
3. Neurons within the mouth detecting dryness.
4. Stretch receptors in the atria
[27.1] How does elimination of excess body water occur?
Mainly by control of urine output.
[27.1] What is the main factor of urine output determining body fluid volume?
Urinary salt loss.
[27.1] What is the main hormone regulating water loss?
Antidiuretic hormone.