Chp 14/15 Flashcards
Visceral efferent neurons in the autonomic nervous system innervate
visceral effectors smooth muscles cardiac muscles exocrine glands endocrine glands
autonomic nervous system is primarily involved in
maintaining homeostasis of internal environment
Structurally, each nervous system division consists of
nerves, nerve plexuses, and autonomic ganglia
Each motor command is carried over what kind of circuit
two cell circuit
Most effector organs and tissues receive impulses from
both ANS divisions, a dual or parallel innervation
The two divisions often serve as antagonists to each other in adjusting and maintaining internal homeostasis
sympathetic and parasympathetic
Parasympathetic system dominates in
in sleep and other relaxed or resting states
Sympathetic dominates during
skeletal muscle activities and various emergency situations (fright, panic, rage, aggression)
There is a constant interplay between the two divisions
parasympathetic and sympathetic
one motor neuron to skeletal muscle effectors
somatic
two motor neurons to visceral effectors
autonomic
Where is there a middle man in the autonomic or somatic CNS? What is its name?
autonomic
sympathetic chain ganglion or cranial nerve X (vagus)
Autonomic visceral reflex arch sends information
along the afferent pathway–> dorsal root ganglion –> central nervous system –> preganglionic axon–> autonomic ganglion–> ganglionic neuron–> visceral effector
Where is the sympathetic chain ganglion found
on the autonomic visceral reflex arch
Sympathetic nervous system fiber length
short preganglionic fibers and long postganglionic fibers
Parasympathetic fiber length
long preganglionic fibers and short postganglionic fibers
rest sex and digest nerve is
the vagus nerve
Our neuron transmiter for fight or flight is called
adrenaline noreiphenephrine
epinephrene
Parasympathetic control is
short lived, highly localized control
Sympathetic control is
long lasting, diffuse effect
Neurotransmitter released in the preganglionic parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system
acetylcholine
Neurotransmitter released in the postganglionic parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic- acetylcholine
sympathetic- norepinephrine
Parasympathetic receptors
nicotine- excititory
muscarinic- excitatory or inhibitory
Sympathetic receptors
alpha- excitatory
beta- excitatory or inhibitory