Cholinergic: Mechanisms

Question 1

Name the 4 direct-acting muscarinic cholinergic agonists.

Answer 1

1. Bethanecol
2. Muscarine
3. Pilocarpine
4. Cevimeline

Question 2

Name the only direct-acting nicotinic cholinergic agonist.

Answer 2

Nicotine

Question 3

Indirect-acting cholinergic agonist that regenerates phosphorylated AChE.

Answer 3

Pralidoxime

Question 4

3 indirect, short-acting AChE inhibitors

Answer 4

1. Neostigmine (0.5-2 hrs)
2. Physostigmine (0.5-2 hrs)
3. Edrophonium (5-15 min)

Question 5

2 indirect, long-acting AChE inhibitors

Answer 5

Echothiophate (>100 hrs)

Donepezil

Question 6

What AChE inhibitor is a very potent nerve gas?

Answer 6

Soman

Note: Pralidoxime is also a nerve gas

Question 7

7 indirect-acting cholinergic agonists.

Answer 7

1. Neostigmine
2. Physostigmine
3. Donepezil
4. Edrophonium
5. Echothiophate
6. Pralidoxime
7. Soman

Question 8

Classes of Cholinergic Receptor Inhibitors (6)

Answer 8

1. Tertiary amine antimuscarinic
2. Quarternary amine antimuscarinic
3. Ganglionic blocker
4. Depolarizing blocker
5. Nondepolarizing blocker
6. Local Paralytic

Question 9

Ganglionic Blocker

Answer 9

Hexamethonium. Blocks Neuronal Nicotinics.

Question 10

Depolarizing Blocker

Answer 10

Succinylcholine. Overstimulation and desensitization.

Question 11

Nondepolarizing blockers (2)

Answer 11

Tubocurarine, Mivacurium. Block Nm (NMJ) receptors.

Question 12

Local paralytic

Answer 12

Botulinum Toxin A. Degrades SNAP-25, vesicle doesn’t fuse on pre-synaptic terminal.

Question 13

Tertiary Amine Antimuscarinics (6)

Answer 13

Atropine, Scopalamine, Dicyclomine, Tropicamide, Tolterodine, Benztropine

Question 14

Quarternary Aine Antimuscarinics (2)

Answer 14

Ipratronium, Tiotropium