charles_bonnet_syndrome_flashcards
What is Charles-Bonnet syndrome (CBS)?
A condition characterized by persistent or recurrent complex hallucinations, usually visual or auditory, occurring in clear consciousness.
What are the typical characteristics of hallucinations in CBS?
They are usually visual or auditory, persistent or recurrent, and occur in clear consciousness.
What is the usual background for CBS to occur?
A background of visual impairment, although it is not mandatory for diagnosis.
Is visual impairment mandatory for a diagnosis of CBS?
No, visual impairment is not mandatory for a diagnosis.
Is insight preserved in CBS?
Yes, insight is usually preserved.
What must be absent for a diagnosis of CBS?
Any other significant neuropsychiatric disturbance.
What are the risk factors for CBS?
Advanced age, peripheral visual impairment, social isolation, sensory deprivation, early cognitive impairment.
How is CBS distributed between sexes?
It is equally distributed between sexes.
Is there a familial predisposition for CBS?
No, there is no familial predisposition.
What are the most common ophthalmological conditions associated with CBS?
Age-related macular degeneration, followed by glaucoma and cataract.
What percentage of individuals with severe visual impairment experience well-formed complex visual hallucinations?
10-30%.
What is the prevalence of CBS in visually impaired people?
Between 11 and 15%.
What proportion of individuals find CBS hallucinations unpleasant or disturbing?
Around a third.
How long do most individuals experience CBS according to a large study?
88% had CBS for 2 years or more, and it resolved in only 25% at 9 years.
What percentage of individuals had CBS resolve after 9 years?
25%.
