Benzodiazepine_Misuse_QA Flashcards
What are the uses of Benzodiazepines?
Sedation, hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant. They should only be used for a short time (2-4 weeks) due to addictive potential.
What are the risks of using Benzodiazepines short-term?
Drowsiness, reduced concentration.
What are the risks of using Benzodiazepines long-term?
Cognitive impairment, worsening anxiety and depression, sleep disruption.
What are the clinical features of Benzodiazepine withdrawal?
Insomnia, irritability, anxiety, tremor, loss of appetite, tinnitus, excessive sweating, seizures, perception disturbance.
How is Benzodiazepine withdrawal managed?
Address underlying issues that need benzodiazepines (anxiety, sleep, depression).
How should benzodiazepines be withdrawn?
Withdraw in steps of about 1/8 of the daily dose every fortnight (but in reality, the dose is reduced according to the severity of the withdrawal symptoms). Consider switching patients to equivalent dose of diazepam. Oxazepam may be considered instead in patients with liver failure. Duration: may take 3 months to a year or more. Warning: do not drive if feeling drowsy.
What psychological therapy is offered for Benzodiazepine misuse?
Offer CBT (help address underlying mental health issues and provide advice about sleep hygiene etc.).
What are the PACES tips for Benzodiazepine misuse?
Explain the harmful effects of benzodiazepines (long-term worsening of psychiatric symptoms). Explain that benzodiazepines can be reduced very gradually, considering the symptoms the patient is experiencing. Explain the role of CBT. Advise against driving if feeling drowsy.
