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Medical Terminology > Chapters 10&11- Eye & Ear > Flashcards

Chapters 10&11- Eye & Ear Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

aque/o

A

water

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2
Q

blephar/o

A

eyelid

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3
Q

conjunctiv/o

A

conjunctiva

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4
Q

corne/o

A

cornea

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5
Q

kerat/o

A

cornea

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6
Q

cycl/o

A

circle, ciliary body

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7
Q

ir/o,

A

colored circle, iris

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8
Q

irid/o

A

colored circle, iris

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9
Q

lacrim/o

A

tear

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10
Q

dacry/o

A

tear

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11
Q

ocul/o

A

eye

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12
Q

ophthalm/o

A

eye

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13
Q

opt/o

A

eye

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14
Q

phae/o

A

lens

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15
Q

phak/o

A

lens

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16
Q

phot/o

A

light

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17
Q

presby/o

A

old age

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18
Q

retin/o

A

retina

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19
Q

scler/o

A

hard or sclera

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20
Q

vitre/o

A

glassy

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21
Q

~opia

A

condition of vision

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22
Q

fluid filled space between the cornea and iris

A

anterior chamber

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23
Q

watery liquid secreted by the ciliary process that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye and provides nourishment for the cornea, iris, and lens

A

aqueous humor

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24
Q

duct in the anterior chamber that carries filtered aqueous humor to the veins and bloodstream

A

canal of Schlemm

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25
Q

vascular layer beneath the sclera that provides nourishment to the outer portion of the retina

A

choroid

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26
Q

ring of tissue behind the peripheral iris that is composed of ciliary muscle and ciliary processes

A

ciliary body

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27
Q

smooth muscle portion of the ciliary body, which contracts to assist in near vision

A

ciliary muscle

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28
Q

epithelial tissue folds on the inner surface of the ciliary body that secrete aqueous humor

A

ciliary processes

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29
Q

mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball

A

conjunctiva

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30
Q

transparent, anterior part of the eyeball covering the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber that functions to refract light to focus a visual image

A

cornea

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31
Q

moveable, protective fold that opens and closes, covering the eye

A

eyelid, palpebra

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32
Q

pinpoint depression in the center of the macula lutea that is the site of sharpest vision

A

fovea centralis

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33
Q

interior surface of the eyeball, including the retina, optic disk, macula, and posterior pole

A

fundus

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34
Q

oil glands surrounding the eyelashes

A

glands of Zeis

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35
Q

oil glands located along the rim of the eyelids

A

meibomian glands

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36
Q

colored circle

A

iris

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37
Q

gland located in the upper outer region above the eyeball that secretes tears

A

lacrimal gland

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38
Q

tubes that carry tears to the lacrimal sac

A

lacrimal ducts

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39
Q

structure that collects tears before emptying into the nasolacrimal duct

A

lacrimal sac

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40
Q

transparent structure behind the pupil that bends and focuses light rays in the retina

A

lens

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41
Q

capsule that encloses the lens

A

lens capsule

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42
Q

central region of the retina

A

macula lutea, macula

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43
Q

passageway for tears from the lacrimal sac into the nose

A

nasolacrimal duct

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44
Q

exit site of the retinal nerve fibers as well as entrance point for retinal arteries and exit point for retinal veins

A

optic disk

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45
Q

nerve responsible for carrying impulses for the sense of sight from the retina to the brain

A

optic nerve

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46
Q

space between the back of the iris and the front of the vitreous chamber

A

posterior chamber

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47
Q

black, circular opening in the center of the iris through which light passes as it enters the eye

A

pupil

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48
Q

innermost layer that perceives and transmits light to the optic nerve

A

retina

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49
Q

cone-shaped cells within that are color sensitive and respond to bright light

A

cones

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50
Q

rod-shaped cells within the retina that respond to dim light

A

rods

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51
Q

tough, fibrous, white outer coat extending from the cornea to the optic nerve

A

sclera

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52
Q

mesh-like structure in the anterior chambers that filters the aqueous humor as it flows into the canal of Schlemm

A

trabecular meshwork

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53
Q

jelly-like mass filling the inner chamber between the lens and retina that gives bulk to the eye

A

vitreous

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54
Q

eyestrain

A

asthenopia

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55
Q

involuntary contraction of the muscles surrounding the eye causing the uncontrolled blinking and lid squeezing

A

blepharospasm

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56
Q

double vision

A

diplopia

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57
Q

abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs

A

exophthalmos

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58
Q

secretion of tears

A

lacrimation

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59
Q

involuntary, rapid, oscillating movement of the eyeball

A

nystagmus

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60
Q

blind spot in vision

A

scotoma

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61
Q

defects in the bending of light as it enters the eye, causing an improper focus on the retina

A

refractive errors

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62
Q

distorted vision caused by an oblong or cylindrical curvature of the lens or cornea that prevents light rays from coming to a single focus on the retina

A

astigmatism

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63
Q

farsightedness

A

hyperopia

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64
Q

nearsightedness

A

myopia

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65
Q

impaired vision caused by old age or loss of accommodation

A

presbyopia

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66
Q

ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects

A

accommodation

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67
Q

decreased vision in early life because of a functional defect that can occur as a result of strabismus, refractive errors, or trauma

A

amblyopia

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68
Q

absence of the lens, usually after cataract extraction

A

aphakia

69
Q

inflammation of the eyelid

A

blepharitis

70
Q

baggy eyelid

A

blepharochalasis, dermatochalasis

71
Q

drooping of the eyelid

A

blepharoptosis, ptosis

72
Q

chronic nodular inflammation of a meibomian gland, usually the result of a bloked duct

A

chalazion

73
Q

opaque clouding of the lens causing decreased vision

A

cataract

74
Q

pinkeye

A

conjunctivitis

75
Q

inflammation of the lacrimal gland

A

dacryoadenitis

76
Q

inflammation of the tear sac

A

dacryocystitis

77
Q

disease of the retina in diabetics characterized by capillary leakage, bleeding, and new vessel formation leading to scarring and loss of vision

A

diabetic retinopathy

78
Q

outward turning of the rim of the eyelid

A

ectropion

79
Q

inward turning of the rim of the eyelid

A

entropion

80
Q

abnormal overflow of tears caused by blockage of the lacrimal duct

A

epiphora

81
Q

group of diseases of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure that results in damage to the optic nerve, producing defects in vision

A

glaucoma

82
Q

sty

A

hordeolum

83
Q

inflammation of the iris

A

iritis

84
Q

inflammation of the cornea

A

keratitis

85
Q

breakdown or thinking of the tissues in the macula, resulting in partial or complete loss of central vision

A

macular degeneration

86
Q

an eye in which the natural lens is replaced with an artificial lens implant

A

pseudophakia

87
Q

fibrous, wing-shaped growth of conjunctival tissue that extends onto the cornea, developing most commonly from prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light

A

pterygium

88
Q

separation of the retina from the unterlying epithelium, disrupting vision and resulting in blindness if not repaired surgically

A

retinal detachment

89
Q

inflammation of the retina

A

retinitis

90
Q

a condition of the eye misalignment caused by intraocular muscle imbalance

A

strabismus, heterotropia

91
Q

right or left eye deviates inward, toward nose

A

esotropia

92
Q

right of left eye deviates outward, away from nose

A

exotropia

93
Q

inflammation of the sclera

A

scleritis

94
Q

misdirected eyelashes that rub on the conjunctiva or cornea

A

trichiasis

95
Q

small, plastic, curved disk with optical corrective that fits over the cornea

A

contact lens

96
Q

introduction of a medicated solution in the eye usually administered by a drop or drops in the affected area or eyes

A

eye instillation

97
Q

washing of the eye with water or other fluids

A

eye irrigation

98
Q

antimicrobial agent in solution

A

antibiotic ophthalmic solution

99
Q

agent that paralyzes the ciliary muscle and the powers of accommodation

A

cycloplegic

100
Q

agent that causes dilation of the pupil

A

mydriatic

101
Q

agent that causes the pupil to contract

A

miotic

102
Q

IOL

A

intraocular lens

103
Q

LASIK

A

laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis

104
Q

acous/o

A

hearing

105
Q

audi/o

A

hearing

106
Q

aer/o

A

air or gas

107
Q

aur/i

A

ear

108
Q

ot/o

A

ear

109
Q

cerumin/o

A

wax

110
Q

salping/o

A

eustachian tube or uterine tube

111
Q

typman/o

A

eardrum

112
Q

myring/o

A

eardrum

113
Q

~acusis

A

hearing condition

114
Q

outer structures of the ear that collect sound

A

external ear

115
Q

auricle; projected part of the external ear

A

pinna

116
Q

external passages for sounds collected from the pinna to the tympanum

A

external auditory meatus or canal

117
Q

a waxy substance secreted by glands located throughout the external canal

A

cerumen

118
Q

structures in the middle of the ear that vibrate sound from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear

A

middle ear

119
Q

eardrum; drum-like structure that receives sound collected in the external auditory canal and amplifies it through the middle ear

A

tympanic membrane (TM)

120
Q

hammer; first of the three auditory ossicles of the middle ear

A

malleus

121
Q

anvil; middle of the three auditory ossicles of the middle ear

A

incus

122
Q

stirrup; last of the three auditory ossicles of the middle ear

A

stapes

123
Q

tube connecting the middle ear to the pharynx

A

eustachian tube, auditory tube

124
Q

membrane that covers the opening between the middle ear and inner ear

A

oval window

125
Q

intricate, fluid-filled, intercommunicating bony and membranous passages that function in hearing by relaying sound waves to auditory nerve fibers on a path to the brain for interpretation

A

labyrinth, inner ear

126
Q

coiled tubular structure of the inner ear that contains the organ of Corti

A

cochlea

127
Q

fluid that fills the bony labyrinth of the inner ear

A

perilymph

128
Q

fluid within the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear

A

endolymph

129
Q

structure located in the cochlea

A

organ of Corti

130
Q

middle part of the inner ear, in front of the semicircular canals and behind the cochlea, that contains the utricle and the saccule

A

vestibule

131
Q

the larger of two sacs within the membranous labyrinth of the vestibule in the inner ear

A

utricle

132
Q

the smaller of the two sacs within the membranous labyrinth of the vestibule in the inner ear

A

saccule

133
Q

three canals within the inner ear that contain specialized receptor cells that generate nerve impulses with body movement

A

semicircular canals

134
Q

earache

A

otalgia, otodynia

135
Q

bleeding from the ear

A

otorrhagia

136
Q

purulent drainage from the ear

A

otorrhea

137
Q

a jingling; ringing or buzzing in the ear

A

tinnitus

138
Q

a turning round; dizziness

A

vertigo

139
Q

inflammation of the external auditory meatus

A

otitis externa

140
Q

excessive buildup of wax in the ear that often reduces hearing acuity, especially in elderly persons

A

cerumen impaction

141
Q

inflammation of the eardrum

A

myringitis, tympanitis

142
Q

inflammation of the middle ear

A

otitis media

143
Q

inflammation of the middle ear from changes in atmosphere pressure

A

aerotitis media

144
Q

blockage of the eustachian tube, usually as a result of infection, as in otitis media

A

eustachian obstruction

145
Q

hardening of the bony tissue in the ear

A

otosclerosis

146
Q

benign tumor on the auditory nerve, causes vertigo, tinnitus and hearing loss

A

acoustic neuroma

147
Q

inflammation of the labyrinth

A

labyrinthitis

148
Q

disorder of the inner ear resulting from an excessive buildup of endolymphatic fluid, causing episodes of vertigo, tinnitus, nausea, vomiting, and hearing loss

A

Meiniere disease

149
Q

general term for partial or complete loss of hearing

A

deafness

150
Q

hearing impairment causes by interference with sound or vibratory energy in the external canal, middle ear, or ossicles

A

conductive hearing loss

151
Q

hearing impairment caused by lesions or dysfunction of the cochlea or auditory nerve

A

sensorineural hearing loss

152
Q

combination of sensorineural and conductive hearing loss

A

mixed hearing loss

153
Q

hearing impairment in o;d age

A

presbyacusis, presbycusis

154
Q

any internal or external device that improves or substitutes for natural hearing

A

auditory prosthesis

155
Q

an external amplifying device designed to improve hearing by more effective collection of sound into the ear

A

hearing aid

156
Q

an electronic device implanted in the cochlea that provides sound perception to patients with severe or profound sensorineural hearing loss in both ears

A

cochlear implant

157
Q

irrigation of the external ear canal, often to remove excess buildup of cerumen

A

ear lavage

158
Q

introduction of a medicated solution into the external canal, usually administered by drop or drops in the affected ears

A

ear instillation

159
Q

a drug that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms

A

antibiotic

160
Q

a drug that blocks the effects of histamine

A

antihistamine

161
Q

a regulatory body substance released in allergic reactions, causing swelling and inflammation of the tissues

A

histamine

162
Q

a drug that reduces inflammation

A

antiinflammatory

163
Q

a drug that reduces congestion and swelling of membranes such as those of the nose and eustachian tube in an infection

A

decongestant

164
Q

BAEP

A

brainstem auditory evoked potential

165
Q

BAER

A

brainstem auditory evoked response

166
Q

ENT

A

ear, nose, and throat

167
Q

PE

A

polyethylene

168
Q

TM

A

tympanic membrane

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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