Chapters 10&11- Eye & Ear Flashcards
aque/o
water
blephar/o
eyelid
conjunctiv/o
conjunctiva
corne/o
cornea
kerat/o
cornea
cycl/o
circle, ciliary body
ir/o,
colored circle, iris
irid/o
colored circle, iris
lacrim/o
tear
dacry/o
tear
ocul/o
eye
ophthalm/o
eye
opt/o
eye
phae/o
lens
phak/o
lens
phot/o
light
presby/o
old age
retin/o
retina
scler/o
hard or sclera
vitre/o
glassy
~opia
condition of vision
fluid filled space between the cornea and iris
anterior chamber
watery liquid secreted by the ciliary process that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye and provides nourishment for the cornea, iris, and lens
aqueous humor
duct in the anterior chamber that carries filtered aqueous humor to the veins and bloodstream
canal of Schlemm
vascular layer beneath the sclera that provides nourishment to the outer portion of the retina
choroid
ring of tissue behind the peripheral iris that is composed of ciliary muscle and ciliary processes
ciliary body
smooth muscle portion of the ciliary body, which contracts to assist in near vision
ciliary muscle
epithelial tissue folds on the inner surface of the ciliary body that secrete aqueous humor
ciliary processes
mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball
conjunctiva
transparent, anterior part of the eyeball covering the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber that functions to refract light to focus a visual image
cornea
moveable, protective fold that opens and closes, covering the eye
eyelid, palpebra
pinpoint depression in the center of the macula lutea that is the site of sharpest vision
fovea centralis
interior surface of the eyeball, including the retina, optic disk, macula, and posterior pole
fundus
oil glands surrounding the eyelashes
glands of Zeis
oil glands located along the rim of the eyelids
meibomian glands
colored circle
iris
gland located in the upper outer region above the eyeball that secretes tears
lacrimal gland
tubes that carry tears to the lacrimal sac
lacrimal ducts
structure that collects tears before emptying into the nasolacrimal duct
lacrimal sac
transparent structure behind the pupil that bends and focuses light rays in the retina
lens
capsule that encloses the lens
lens capsule
central region of the retina
macula lutea, macula
passageway for tears from the lacrimal sac into the nose
nasolacrimal duct
exit site of the retinal nerve fibers as well as entrance point for retinal arteries and exit point for retinal veins
optic disk
nerve responsible for carrying impulses for the sense of sight from the retina to the brain
optic nerve
space between the back of the iris and the front of the vitreous chamber
posterior chamber
black, circular opening in the center of the iris through which light passes as it enters the eye
pupil
innermost layer that perceives and transmits light to the optic nerve
retina
cone-shaped cells within that are color sensitive and respond to bright light
cones
rod-shaped cells within the retina that respond to dim light
rods
tough, fibrous, white outer coat extending from the cornea to the optic nerve
sclera
mesh-like structure in the anterior chambers that filters the aqueous humor as it flows into the canal of Schlemm
trabecular meshwork
jelly-like mass filling the inner chamber between the lens and retina that gives bulk to the eye
vitreous
eyestrain
asthenopia
involuntary contraction of the muscles surrounding the eye causing the uncontrolled blinking and lid squeezing
blepharospasm
double vision
diplopia
abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs
exophthalmos
secretion of tears
lacrimation
involuntary, rapid, oscillating movement of the eyeball
nystagmus
blind spot in vision
scotoma
defects in the bending of light as it enters the eye, causing an improper focus on the retina
refractive errors
distorted vision caused by an oblong or cylindrical curvature of the lens or cornea that prevents light rays from coming to a single focus on the retina
astigmatism
farsightedness
hyperopia
nearsightedness
myopia
impaired vision caused by old age or loss of accommodation
presbyopia
ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects
accommodation
decreased vision in early life because of a functional defect that can occur as a result of strabismus, refractive errors, or trauma
amblyopia
absence of the lens, usually after cataract extraction
aphakia
inflammation of the eyelid
blepharitis
baggy eyelid
blepharochalasis, dermatochalasis
drooping of the eyelid
blepharoptosis, ptosis
chronic nodular inflammation of a meibomian gland, usually the result of a bloked duct
chalazion
opaque clouding of the lens causing decreased vision
cataract
pinkeye
conjunctivitis
inflammation of the lacrimal gland
dacryoadenitis
inflammation of the tear sac
dacryocystitis
disease of the retina in diabetics characterized by capillary leakage, bleeding, and new vessel formation leading to scarring and loss of vision
diabetic retinopathy
outward turning of the rim of the eyelid
ectropion
inward turning of the rim of the eyelid
entropion
abnormal overflow of tears caused by blockage of the lacrimal duct
epiphora
group of diseases of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure that results in damage to the optic nerve, producing defects in vision
glaucoma
sty
hordeolum
inflammation of the iris
iritis
inflammation of the cornea
keratitis
breakdown or thinking of the tissues in the macula, resulting in partial or complete loss of central vision
macular degeneration
an eye in which the natural lens is replaced with an artificial lens implant
pseudophakia
fibrous, wing-shaped growth of conjunctival tissue that extends onto the cornea, developing most commonly from prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light
pterygium
separation of the retina from the unterlying epithelium, disrupting vision and resulting in blindness if not repaired surgically
retinal detachment
inflammation of the retina
retinitis
a condition of the eye misalignment caused by intraocular muscle imbalance
strabismus, heterotropia
right or left eye deviates inward, toward nose
esotropia
right of left eye deviates outward, away from nose
exotropia
inflammation of the sclera
scleritis
misdirected eyelashes that rub on the conjunctiva or cornea
trichiasis
small, plastic, curved disk with optical corrective that fits over the cornea
contact lens
introduction of a medicated solution in the eye usually administered by a drop or drops in the affected area or eyes
eye instillation
washing of the eye with water or other fluids
eye irrigation
antimicrobial agent in solution
antibiotic ophthalmic solution
agent that paralyzes the ciliary muscle and the powers of accommodation
cycloplegic
agent that causes dilation of the pupil
mydriatic
agent that causes the pupil to contract
miotic
IOL
intraocular lens
LASIK
laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis
acous/o
hearing
audi/o
hearing
aer/o
air or gas
aur/i
ear
ot/o
ear
cerumin/o
wax
salping/o
eustachian tube or uterine tube
typman/o
eardrum
myring/o
eardrum
~acusis
hearing condition
outer structures of the ear that collect sound
external ear
auricle; projected part of the external ear
pinna
external passages for sounds collected from the pinna to the tympanum
external auditory meatus or canal
a waxy substance secreted by glands located throughout the external canal
cerumen
structures in the middle of the ear that vibrate sound from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear
middle ear
eardrum; drum-like structure that receives sound collected in the external auditory canal and amplifies it through the middle ear
tympanic membrane (TM)
hammer; first of the three auditory ossicles of the middle ear
malleus
anvil; middle of the three auditory ossicles of the middle ear
incus
stirrup; last of the three auditory ossicles of the middle ear
stapes
tube connecting the middle ear to the pharynx
eustachian tube, auditory tube
membrane that covers the opening between the middle ear and inner ear
oval window
intricate, fluid-filled, intercommunicating bony and membranous passages that function in hearing by relaying sound waves to auditory nerve fibers on a path to the brain for interpretation
labyrinth, inner ear
coiled tubular structure of the inner ear that contains the organ of Corti
cochlea
fluid that fills the bony labyrinth of the inner ear
perilymph
fluid within the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear
endolymph
structure located in the cochlea
organ of Corti
middle part of the inner ear, in front of the semicircular canals and behind the cochlea, that contains the utricle and the saccule
vestibule
the larger of two sacs within the membranous labyrinth of the vestibule in the inner ear
utricle
the smaller of the two sacs within the membranous labyrinth of the vestibule in the inner ear
saccule
three canals within the inner ear that contain specialized receptor cells that generate nerve impulses with body movement
semicircular canals
earache
otalgia, otodynia
bleeding from the ear
otorrhagia
purulent drainage from the ear
otorrhea
a jingling; ringing or buzzing in the ear
tinnitus
a turning round; dizziness
vertigo
inflammation of the external auditory meatus
otitis externa
excessive buildup of wax in the ear that often reduces hearing acuity, especially in elderly persons
cerumen impaction
inflammation of the eardrum
myringitis, tympanitis
inflammation of the middle ear
otitis media
inflammation of the middle ear from changes in atmosphere pressure
aerotitis media
blockage of the eustachian tube, usually as a result of infection, as in otitis media
eustachian obstruction
hardening of the bony tissue in the ear
otosclerosis
benign tumor on the auditory nerve, causes vertigo, tinnitus and hearing loss
acoustic neuroma
inflammation of the labyrinth
labyrinthitis
disorder of the inner ear resulting from an excessive buildup of endolymphatic fluid, causing episodes of vertigo, tinnitus, nausea, vomiting, and hearing loss
Meiniere disease
general term for partial or complete loss of hearing
deafness
hearing impairment causes by interference with sound or vibratory energy in the external canal, middle ear, or ossicles
conductive hearing loss
hearing impairment caused by lesions or dysfunction of the cochlea or auditory nerve
sensorineural hearing loss
combination of sensorineural and conductive hearing loss
mixed hearing loss
hearing impairment in o;d age
presbyacusis, presbycusis
any internal or external device that improves or substitutes for natural hearing
auditory prosthesis
an external amplifying device designed to improve hearing by more effective collection of sound into the ear
hearing aid
an electronic device implanted in the cochlea that provides sound perception to patients with severe or profound sensorineural hearing loss in both ears
cochlear implant
irrigation of the external ear canal, often to remove excess buildup of cerumen
ear lavage
introduction of a medicated solution into the external canal, usually administered by drop or drops in the affected ears
ear instillation
a drug that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms
antibiotic
a drug that blocks the effects of histamine
antihistamine
a regulatory body substance released in allergic reactions, causing swelling and inflammation of the tissues
histamine
a drug that reduces inflammation
antiinflammatory
a drug that reduces congestion and swelling of membranes such as those of the nose and eustachian tube in an infection
decongestant
BAEP
brainstem auditory evoked potential
BAER
brainstem auditory evoked response
ENT
ear, nose, and throat
PE
polyethylene
TM
tympanic membrane
