Chapter 4- Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
1
Q
ankyl/o
A
crooked or stiff
2
Q
arthr/o, articul/o
A
joint
3
Q
brachi/o
A
arm
4
Q
cervic/o
A
neck
5
Q
chondr/o
A
cartilage
6
Q
cost/o
A
rib
7
Q
crani/o
A
skull
8
Q
dactyl/o
A
digit
9
Q
fasci/o
A
fascia
10
Q
femor/o
A
femur
11
Q
fibr/o
A
fiber
12
Q
kyph/o
A
humped-back
13
Q
lei/o
A
smooth
14
Q
lord/o
A
bent
15
Q
lumb/o
A
loin
16
Q
my/o, myos/o, muscul/o
A
muscle
17
Q
myel/o
A
bone marrow or spinal cord
18
Q
oste/o
A
bone
19
Q
patell/o
A
kneecap
20
Q
pelv/i
A
pelvis or hip bone
21
Q
radi/o
A
radius
22
Q
rhabd/o
A
rod-shaped or striated
23
Q
sarc/o
A
flesh
24
Q
scoli/o
A
twisted
25
spondyl/o
vertebra
26
vertebr/o
vertebra
27
stern/o
sternum
28
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
tendon
29
thorac/o
chest
30
ton/o
tone or tension
31
uln/o
ulna
32
bones of the shoulder, pelvis, and upper and lower extremities
appendicular skeleton
33
bones of the skull, vertebral column, chest and hyoid bone
axial skeleton
34
tightly solid bone tissue that forms the exterior of bones
compact bone
35
mesh-like tissue found in the interior of bones, and surrounding the medullary cavity
spongy bone, cancellous bone
36
bones of the arms and legs
long bones
37
bones of the wrist and ankles
short bones
38
bones of the ribs, shoulder blades, pelvis, and skull
flat bones
39
bones of the vertebrae and face
irregular bones
40
round bones found near joints
sesamoid bones
41
wide ends of a long bone
epiphysis
42
shaft of a long bone
diaphysis
43
growth zone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis during development of a long bone
metaphysis
44
membrane lining the medullary cavity of a bone
endosteum
45
cavity within the shaft of the long bones; filled with bone marrow
medullary cavity
46
soft connective tissue within the medullary cavity of bones
bone marrow
47
functions to form red blood cells, some white blood cells and platelets
red bone marrow
48
gradually replaces red bone marrow in adult bones; functions as storage for fat tissue and is inactive in the formation of blood cells
yellow bone marrow
49
a fibrous vascular membrane that covers the bone
periosteum
50
a gristle-like substance on bones where they articulate
articular cartilage
51
a joint; the point where two bones come together
articulation
52
a fibrous sac between certian tendons and bones that is lined with a synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid
bursa
53
a flat, plate-like structure composed of fibrocartilaginous tissue between the vertebrae that reduces friction
disk or disc
54
the soft, fibrocartilaginous, central portion of intervertebral disk
nucleus pulposus
55
a flexable band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone
ligament
56
membrane lining the capsule of a joint
synovial membrane
57
joint-lubricating fluid the capsule of a joint
synovial fluid
58
tissue composed of fibers that can contract, causing movement of an organ or part of the body
muscle
59
voluntary muscle attached to the skeleton
striated muscle, skeletal muscle
60
involuntary muscle found in internal organs
smooth muscle
61
muscle of the heart
cardiac muscle
62
muscle end attached to the bone that does not move when the muscle contracts
origin of a muscle
63
muscle end attached to the bone that moves when the muscle contracts
insertion of a muscle
64
a band of fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone
tendon
65
a band or sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscle
fascia
66
a term of reference that health professionals use when noting body planes, positions, or directions
anatomic or anatomical position
67
reference planes for indicating the location or direction of body parts
body planes
68
vertical division of body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions
coronal planes, frontal plane
69
vertical division of the body into right and left portions
sagittal plane
70
horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions
transverse plane
71
front of the body
anterior (A), ventral
72
back of the body
posterior (P), dorsal
73
from front to back, as in reference to the direction of an x-ray beam
anterior-posterior (AP)
74
from back to front, as in reference to the direction of an x-ray beam
posterior-anterior (PA)
75
situated above another structure, toward the head
superior, cephalic
76
situated below another structure, away from the head
inferior, caudal
77
toward the beginning or origin of a structure
proximal
78
away from the beginning or origin of a structure
distal
79
toward the middle
medial
80
toward the side
lateral
81
the imaginary line that runs through the center of the body or a body part
axis
82
normal standing position
erect
83
lying down, especially in a bed
decubitus
84
lying face down and flat
prone
85
lying down
recumbent
86
horizontal recumbent; lying flat on the back
supine
87
bending at the joint so that the angle between the bones is decreased
flexion
88
straightening at the joint so that the angle between the bones in increased
extension
89
movement away from the body
abduction
90
movement toward the body
adduction
91
circular motion around an axis
rotation
92
turning outward
eversion
93
turning inward
inversion
94
turning of the palmar surface or plantar surface upward or forward
supination
95
turning of the palmar surface or plantar surface downward or backward
pronation
96
bending of the foot or toes upward
dorsiflexion
97
bending of the sole of the foot by curling the toes toward the ground
plantar flexion
98
total motion possible in a joint, described by the terms related to body movements
range of motion (ROM)
99
instrument used to measure joint angles
goniometer
100
joint pain
arthralgia
101
shrinking of muscle size
atrophy
102
grating sound sometimes made by the movement of a joint or broken bones
crepitation, crepitus
103
a projection arising from a bone that develops from cartilage
exostosis
104
flabby, relaxed, or having defective or absent muscle tone
flaccid
105
increase in the size of tissue, such as muscle
hypertrophy
106
reduced muscle tone or tension
hypotonia
107
muscle pain
myalgia, myodynia
108
bone pain
ostealgia, osteodynia
109
stiffness; stiff muscle
rigor, rigidity
110
drawing in; involuntary contraction of muscle
spasm
111
uncontrolled contractions of skeletal muscles, causing stiff and awkward movements
spastic
112
tension; prolonged continuous muscle contraction
tetany
113
shaking; rhythmic muscular movements
tremor
114
stiff joint condition
ankylosis
115
inflammation of the joints characterized by pain, swelling, redness, warmth, and limitation of motion
arthritis
116
most common form of arthritis affecting the weight bearing joints, characterized by the erosion of artificial cartilage
osteoarthritis (OA), degenerative arthritis, degenerative joint disease (DJD)
117
most crippling form of arthritis; characterized by chronic systemic inflammation, most often affecting joints and synovial membranes and causing ankylosis and deformity
rheumatoid arthritis
118
acute attacks of arthritis, usually in a single joint, caused by hyperuricemia
gouty arthritis
119
bone tissue that has died from loss of blood supply, such as can occur after a fracture
bony necrosis, sequestrum
120
swelling of the joint at the base of the great toe caused by inflammation of the bursa
bunion
121
inflammation of the bursa
bursitis
122
softening of cartilage
chondromalacia
123
inflamation of the epiphyseal regions of the long bone
epiphysitis
124
broken or cracked bone
fracture (Fx)
125
broken bone with no open wound
closed fracture
126
compound fracture; broken bone with an open wound
open fracture
127
non displaced fracture with one fracture line that does not require extensive treatment to repair
simple fracture
128
displaced fracture that requires manipulation or surgery to repair
complex fracture
129
the line of the break in a broken bone
fracture line
130
broken in many small pieces
comminuted fracture
131
bending and incomplete break of a bone
greenstick fracture
132
pronated of a degenerated or fragmented intervertebral disk so that the nucleus pulposus protrudes, causing compression on the nerve root
herniated disk
133
bone marrow tumor
myeloma
134
inflammation of muscle
myositis
135
muscle tumor
myoma
136
smooth muscle tumor
leiomyoma
137
malignant smooth muscle tumor
leiomyosarcoma
138
skeletal muscle tumor
rhabdomyosarcoma
139
a category of genetically transmitted diseases characterized by progressive atrophy of skeletal muscles
muscular dystrophy
140
bone tumor
osteoma
141
type of malignant bone tumor
osteosarcoma
142
disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency
osteomalacia
143
osteomalacia in children; causes bone deformity
rickets
144
infection of bone and bone marrow, causing inflammation
osteomyelitis
145
condition of decreased bone density and increased porosity, causing bones to become brittle and to fracture more easily
osteoporosis
146
curvatures of the spine
spinal curvatures
147
abnormal posterior curvature of the thoracic spine
kyphosis
148
abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine
lordosis
149
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
scoliosis
150
forward slipping of a lumbar vertebra
spondylolisthesis
151
stiff, immobile condition of vertebrae caused by joint degeneration
spondylosis
152
injury to a ligament caused by joint trauma but without joint dislocation or fracture
sprain
153
partial dislocation
subluxation
154
inflammation of a tendon
tendinitis, tendonitis
155
an artificial replacement for a missing body part or a device used to improve a body function, such as an artificial limb, hip, or joint
prosthesis
156
a drug that relieves pain
analgesic
157
a potent analgesic with addictive properties
narcotic
158
a drug that reduces inflammation
antiinflammatory
159
a group of drugs with analgesic, antiinflammatory, and antipyretic properties
nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID)
160
A
anterior
161
AKA
above-knee amputation
162
AP
anterior-posterior
163
BKA
below-knee amputation
164
CAT
computed axial tomography
165
CT
computed tomography
166
DJD
degenerative joint disorder
167
EMG
electromyogram
168
Fx
fracture
169
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
170
NSAID
nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug
171
OA
osteoarthritis
172
ORIF
open reduction, internal fixation
173
P
posterior
174
PA
posterior-anterior
175
PT
physical therapy
176
RA
rheumatoid arthritis
177
ROM
range of motion
178
Tx
traction
