Chapter 7- Respiratory System Flashcards
1
Q
alveol/o
A
alveolus (air sac)
2
Q
bronch/o
A
bronchus (airway)
3
Q
bronchi/o
A
bronchus (airway)
4
Q
bronchiol/o
A
bronchiole (little airway)
5
Q
capn/o
A
carbon dioxide
6
Q
carb/o
A
carbon dioxide
7
Q
laryng/o
A
larynx (voice box)
8
Q
lob/o
A
lobe
9
Q
nas/o
A
nose
10
Q
rhin/o
A
nose
11
Q
or/o
A
mouth
12
Q
ox/o
A
oxygen
13
Q
palat/o
A
palate
14
Q
pharyng/o
A
pharynx
15
Q
phren/o
A
diaphram
16
Q
pleur/o
A
pleura
17
Q
pneum/o
A
air or lungs
18
Q
pneumon/o
A
air of lungs
19
Q
pulmon/o
A
lung
20
Q
sinus/o
A
sinus
21
Q
spir/o
A
breathing
22
Q
-pnea
A
breathing
23
Q
thorac/o
A
chest
24
Q
pector/o
A
chest
25
steth/o
chest
26
tonsill/o
tonsil
27
trache/o
trachea
28
uvul/o
uvula
29
structure that warms, moistens, and filters air as it enters the respiratory tract
nose
30
air-filled spaces in the skull that open into the nasal cavity
sinuses
31
roof of the mouth
palate
32
bony anterior portion of the palate
hard palate
33
muscular posterior portion of the palate
soft palate
34
throat
pharynx
35
part of the pharynx directly behind the nasal passage
nasopharynx
36
central portion of the pharynx between the roof of the mouth and the upper edge of the epiglottis
oropharynx
37
lower part of the pharynx
laryngopharynx
38
oval lymphatic tissues on each side of the pharynx that filter air to protect the body from bacterial invasion
tonsils
39
lymphatic tissue on the back of the pharynx behind the nose
adenoid
40
small projection hanging from the back middle edge of the soft palate
uvula
41
voice box
larynx
42
opening between the vocal cords in the larynx
glottis
43
a lid-like structure that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway
epiglottis
44
windpipe
trachea
45
branches airways that lead from the trachea to the microscopic air sacs
bronchial tree
46
two primary airways branching from the area of the carina into the lungs
right and left bronchus
47
progressively smaller tubular branches to the airways
bronchioles
48
thin-walled, microscopic air sacs that exchange gases
alveoli
49
two spongy organs in the thoracic cavity enclosed by the diaphragm and rib cage
lungs
50
subdivisions of the lung
lobes
51
membranes enclosing the lung and lining the thoracic cavity
pleura
52
potential space between the visceral and parietal layers of the pleura
pleura cavity
53
muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and that moves upward and downward to aid in respiration
diaphragm
54
partition that separates the thorax into two compartments and that encloses the heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus gland
mediastinum
55
thin sheets of tissue that line respiratory passages and secrete mucus, a viscid fluid
mucous membranes
56
hair-like processes from the surface of epithelial cells, such as those of the bronchi, to move mucous cell secretions upward
cilia
57
functional tissues of any organ, such as the tissues of the bronchioles, alveoli, ducts and sacs, that perform respiration
parenchyma
58
normal breathing
eupnea
59
slow breathing
bradypnea
60
fast breathing
tachypnea
61
shallow breathing
hypopnea
62
difficulty breathing
dyspnea
63
inability to breathe
apnea
64
ability to breathe only in an upright position
orthopnea
65
pattern of breathing characterized by gradual increase of depth and, sometimes in rate to a maximum level followed by decrease resulting in apnea
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
66
popping sounds heard on auscultation of the lung when air enters diseases airways and alveoli
crackles, rales
67
high-pitched, musical sounds heard on auscultation of the lung as air flows through a narrowed airway
wheezes, rhonchi
68
high-pitched, crowing sound that occurs with an obstruction in the upper airway
stridor
69
degeneration and death of tissue with a cheese like apperance
caseous necrosis
70
bluish coloration of the skin by a deficient amount of oxygen in the blood
cyanosis
71
hoarseness
dysphonia
72
nosebleed
epistaxis
73
coughing up and spitting out of material from the lungs
expectoration
74
material expelled from the lungs by coughing
sputum
75
coughing up and spitting out blood that originates in the lungs
hemoptysis
76
excessive level of carbon dioxide in the blood
hypercapnia, hypercarbia
77
excessive movement of air into and out of the lungs
hyperventilation
78
deficient level of carbon dioxide in the blood
hypocapnia, hypocarbia
79
deficient movement of air into and out of the lungs
hypoventilation
80
deficient amount of oxygen in the blood
hypoxemia
81
deficient amount of oxygen in tissue cells
hypoxia
82
condition blocking the flow of air moving out of the lungs
obstructive lung disorder
83
condition limiting the intake of air into the lungs
restrictive lung disorder
84
fluid filling the spaces around the alveoli and, eventually, flooding the alveoli
pulmonary edema
85
density on an x-ray image representing the consolidation of matter within the air spaces of the lungs, usually resulting from an inflammatory process
pulmonary infiltrate
86
thin, watery discharge from the nose
rhinorrhea
87
obstructive pulmonary disease caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of the mucous membrane
asthma
88
collapse of lung tissue
atelectasis
89
abnormal dilation of the bronchi with accumulation of mucus
bronchiectasis
90
inflammation of the bronchi
bronchitis
91
lung cancer
bronchogenic carcinoma
92
constriction of bronchi caused by spasm of the peribronchial smooth muscle
bronchospasm
93
obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by overexpansion of the alveoli with air and destructive changes in their walls, resulting in loss of lung elasticity and gas exchange
emphysema
94
permanent, destructive pulmonary disorder that is a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
95
inherited condition of exocrine gland malfunction causing secretion of abnormally thick, viscous mucus that obstructs passageways within the body, commonly affecting the lungs and digestive tract
cystic fibrosis
96
inflammation of the larynx
laryngitis
97
inflammation of the upper airways with swelling
laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB), croup
98
spasm of the laryngeal muscles, causing a constriction
laryngospasm
99
presence of numerous polyps in the nose
nasal polyposis
100
inflammation of the pharynx
pharyngitis
101
accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity
pleural effusion
102
accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity
empyema, pyothorax
103
blood in the pleural cavity
hemothorax
104
inflammation of the pleura
pleuritis, pleurisy
105
cronic restrictive pulmonary disease resulting from prolonged inhalation of fine dusts, such as coal, asbestos, or silicone
pneumoconiosis
106
inflammation in the lungs resulting from infection by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites or from aspiration of chemicals
pneumonia
107
pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii organism
Pneumocystis pnemonia
108
air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall
pneumothorax
109
air and blood in the pleural cavity
pneumohemothorax
110
inflammation of the lung, often caused by hypersensitivity to chemicals or dust
pneumonitis
111
occlusion in the pulmonary circulation, most often caused by a blood clot
pulmonary embolism (PE)
112
disease caused by the presence of Mycobacteriem tuberculosis in the lungs
pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)
113
inflammation of the sinuses
sinusitis
114
periods of breathing cessations that occur during sleep, often resulting in snoring
sleep apnea
115
acute of chronic inflammation of the tonsils
tonsillitis
116
infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract involving the nasal passages, pharynx, and bronchi
upper respiratory infection (URI)
117
excisionof the adenoids
adenoidectomy
118
removal of a lobe of a lung
lobeectomy
119
removal of a nasal polyp
nasal polypectomy
120
removal of an entire lung
pneumonectomy
121
puncture for aspiration of the chest
thoracentesis
122
repair of the chest involving fixation of the ribs
thoracooplasty
123
endoscopic examination of the pleural cavity using a thoracoscope
thoracoscopy
124
creation of an opening in the chest, usually to insert a tube
thoracostomy
125
incision into the chest
thoracotomy
126
excision of the palatine tonsils
tonsilectomy
127
excision of the tonsils and adenoids
tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A)
128
creation f an opening in the trachea, usually to insert a tube
tracheostomy
129
incision into the trachea
tracheotomy
130
method of artificial respiration and chest compression to move oxygenated blood to vital body organs when breathing and the heart has stopped
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
131
use of a devise with a mask that pumps a constant pressurized flow of air through the nasal passages
continuous positive airway pressure therapy (CPAP)
132
passage of a tube into the trachea via the nose or mouth to open the airway for delivering gas mixtures to the lungs
endotracheal intubation
133
a common postoperative breathing therapy using a specially designed spirometer to encourage the patient to inhale ad hold an inspiration volume to exercise the lungs and prevent pulmonary complications
incentive spirometry
134
mechanical breathing using a ventilator
mechanical ventilation
135
a drug that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms
antibiotic
136
a drug that dissolves, or prevents the formation of. thrombi of emboli in the blood vessels
anticoagulant
137
a drug that neutralizes or inhibits the effects of histamine
antihistamine
138
a compound in the body that is released by injured cells during allergic reactions
histamine
139
a drug that dialtes the muscular walls of the bronchi
bronchodilator
140
a drug that breaks up mucus and promotes coughing
expectorant
141
ABG
arterial blood gass
142
AP
anterior-posterior
143
Bx
biopsy
144
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
145
CPAP
continuous positive airway pressure
146
CPR
cardiopulmonary rescusitation
147
CT
computed tomography
148
CXR
chest x-ray
149
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
150
LTB
laryngotracheobronchitis
151
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
152
PA
posterior-anterior
153
PaCO2
partial pressure of carbon dioxide
154
PaO2
partial pressure of oxygen
155
PE
pulmonary embolism
156
PEFR
peak expiratory flow rate
157
PF
peat flow
158
PFT
pulmonary function testing
159
pH
potential of hydrogen
160
PSg
polysomnography
161
T & A
tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
162
TB
tuberculosis
163
TV
tidal volume
164
URI
upper respiratory infection
165
VC
vital capacity
166
V/Q
ventilation- perfusion (scan)
