Chapter 12 Flashcards
abdomin/o, celi/o, lapar/o
abdomen
an/o
anus
appendic/o
appendix
bil/i, chol/e
bile
bucc/o
cheek
cheil/o
lip
col/o, colon/o
colon
cyst/o
bladder or sac
dent/i
teeth
doch/o
duct
duoden/o
duodenum
enter/o
small intestine
esophag/o
esophagus
gastr/o
stomach
gingiv/o
gum
gloss/o, lingu/o
tongue
hepat/o, hepatic/o
liver
herni/o
hernia
ile/o
ileum
inguin/o
grion
jejun/o
jejunum (empty)
lith/o
stone
or/o, stomat/o
mouth
pancreat/o
pancreas
peritone/o
peritoneum
phag/o
eat or swallow
proct/o
anus ad rectum
pylor/o
pylorus (gatekeeper)
rect/o
rectum
sial/o
saliva
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon (resembles)
steat/o
fat
~emesis
vomiting
cavity that receives food for digestion
oral cavity, mouth
three pairs of exocrine glands in the mouth that secrete saliva: the parotid, the submandibular, and the sublingual glands
salivary glands
lateral walls of the mouth
cheeks
fleshy structures surrounding the mouth
lips
structure that forms the roof of the mouth
palate
small projection hanging from the back middle edge of the soft palate
uvula
muscular structure of the floor of the mouth covered by mucus membrane and secreted by a band-like membrane known as the frenulum
tongue
tissue covering the process of the jaws
gums
hard bony projections in the jaws for masticating food
teeth
throat
pharynx
muscular tube that moves from the pharynx to the stomach
esophagus
sac-like organ that chemically mixes and prepares food received from the esophagus
stomach
opening from the esophagus to the stomach
cardiac sphincter
opening from the stomach into the duodenum
pyloric sphincter
smaller tubular structure that digests food received from the stomach
small intestine
first portion of the small intestine
duodenum
second portion of the small intestine
jejunum
third portion of the small intestine
ileum
larger tubular structure that recieves the liquid waste products of digestion, reabsorbs water and minerals, and forms and stores feces for deification
large intestine
first part of the large intestine
cecum
worm-like projections of lymphatic tissue hanging off the cecum with no digestive function
vermiform appendix
portions of the large intestine extending from the cecum to the rectum
colon
portion of the colon that extends upward from cecum
ascending colon
portion of the colon that extends across from the ascending cecum
transverse colon
portion of the colon that extends downward from the transverse colon
descending colon
portion of the colon that terminates at the rectum
sigmoid colon
distal portion of the large intestine
rectum
dilated portion of the rectum just above the anal canal
rectal ampulla
opening of the rectum to the outside of the body
anus
waste formed by the absorption of water in the large intestine
feces
evacuation of feces from the rectum
deification
membrane surrounding the entire abdominal cavity and consisting of the parietal layer and the visceral layer
peritoneum
space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum
peritoneal cavity
an extension of the peritoneum attached to the stomach and connecting it with the other abdominal organs
omentum
organ in the upper right quadrant that produces bile, which is secreted into the duodenum during digestion
liver
receptacle that stores and concentrates the bile produced in the liver
gallbladder
gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum, where it mixes with bile to digest food
pancreas
ducts that convey bile
biliary ducts
upper lateral regions beneath the ribs
hypochondriac regions
upper middle region below the sternum
epigastric region
middle lateral region
lumbar region
region of the navel
umbilical region
lower lateral groin region
inguinal regions
region below the navel
hypogastric region
loss of appetite
anorexia
inability to swallow
aphagia
accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
ascites
in the cheek
buccal
frequent loose or liquid stools
diarrhea
infrequent or incomplete bowel movement characterized by hardened, dry stool that is difficult to pass
constipation
indigestion
dyspepsia
difficulty in swallowing
dysphagia
belch
eructation
gas in the stomach or intestine
flatulence
bad breath
halitosis
vomiting blood
hematemesis
red blood in stool
hematochezia
enlargement of the liver
hepatomegaly
excessive level of bilirubin in the blood
hyperbilirubinemia
yellow discoloration of the skin, sclera, and other tissues causes by excessive bilirubin in the blood
icterus, jaundice
dark-colored, tarry stool caused by old blood
melena
feeling sick in the stomach
steatorrhea
under the tongue
sublingual, hypoglossal
tongue-tie, a defect of the tongue characterized by a short, thick frenulum
ankyloglossia
inflammation of the lip
cheilitis
swollen, twisted veins in the esophagus that are especially susceptible to ulceration and hemorrhage
esophageal veins
inflammation of the esophagus
esophagitis
inflammation of the stomach
gastritis
backflow of contents of the stomach into the esophagus, often resulting from abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter, causing burning pain in the esophagus
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
inflammation of the gums
gingivitis
inflammation of the tongue
glossitis
inflammation of the parotid gland
parotiditis, parotitis
sore on the mucous membrane of the stomach, duodenum, or any other part of the gastrointestinal system exposed to gastric juices
peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
ulcer located in the stomach
gastric ulcer
ulcer located in the duodenum
duodenal ulcer
narrowed condition of the pylorus
pyloric stenosis
inflammation of a salivary gland
sialoadenitis
inflammation of the mouth
stomatitis
an abnormal, tube-like passageway from the anus that may connect with the rectum
anal fistula
inflammation of the appendix
appendicitis
inflammation of the colon
colitis
chronic inflammation of the colon with ulcerations
ulcerative colitis
benign tissue growths on the mucous membrane lining the large intestine and rectum
colorectal polyps
projected on a stalk
pediculated polyp
lying flat on the surface
sessile polyp
an abnormal side pocket in the gastrointestinal tract
diverticulum
presence of diverticula in the gastrointestinal tract, especially the colon
diverticulosis
inflammation of the diverticula
diverticulitis
inflammation of the intestine characterized by frequent, bloody stools
dysentery
inflammation of the small intestine
enteritis
swollen, twisted vein, in the anal region
hemorrhoid
protrusion of a part from its normal location
hernia
protrusion of a part of the stomach upward through the opening in the diaphragm
hiatal hernia
protrusion of a loop of the intestine through layers of the abdominal wall in the inguinal region
inguinal hernia
hernia that is swollen and fixed within a sac, causing an obstruction
incarcerated hernia
hernia that is constricted, cut off from circulation, and likely to become gangrenous
strangulated hernia
protrusion of the intestine through a weakness in the abdominal wall around the umbilicus inflammation of the lower portion of the small intestine
ileitis
prolapse of one part of the intestine into the lumen of the adjoining part
intussusception
inflammation of the peritoneum
peritonitis
inflammation of the rectum and the anus
proctitis
twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction
volvulus
inflammation of the bile ducts
cholangitis
inflammation of the gallbladder cholecystitis
cholecystitis
presence of stones in the common bile duct
choledocholithiasis
chronic disease characterized by degeneration of liver tissue
cirrhosis
inflammation of the liver
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus, usually transmitted orally through fecal contamination of food or water
hepatitis A
inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus, which is transmitted sexually or by exposure to contaminated blood or body fluids
hepatitis B
inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus, which is transmitted by exposure to infected blood
hepatitis C
inflammation of the pancreas
pancreatitis
isolation of a stool specimen in a culture medium to identify disease-causing organisms
stool culture and sensitivity (C&S)
chemical test of a stool specimen to detect the presence of blood
stool occult blood study
puncture of the abdomen for aspiration of fluid
abdominocentesis
puncture of the abdomen for aspiration of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
abdominal paracentesis
excision of an anal fistula
anal fistulectomy
union of two hollow vessels
anastomosis
excision of a diseased appendix
appendectomy
treatment of morbid obesity by surgery to the stomach and/or intestines
bariatric surgery
repair of the lip
cheiloplasty
excision of the gall bladder
cholecystectomy
excision of the gallbladder through a laparoscope
laparoscopic cholecystectomy
creation of an opening in the colon through the abdominal wall to create an abdominal anus, allowing stool to bypass a diseased portion of the colon
colostomy
repair of the esophagus
esophagoplasty
partial or complete removal of the stomach
gastrectomy
partial removal and repair of the stomach
gastric resection
formation of an artificial opening between the stomach and small intestine
gastroenterostomy
excision of all or part of the tongue
glossectomy
suture of the tongue
glossorrhaphy
excision of hemorrhoids
hemorrhoidectomy
excision of a lobe of the liver
hepatic lobectomy
repair of a hernia
herniorrhaphy, hernioplasty
surgical creation of an opening on the abdomen to which the end of the ileum is attached, providing a passageway for the ileal discharges
ileostomy
abdominal surgery using a laparoscope
laparoscopic surgery
incision into the abdomen
laparotomy
excision of the pancreas
pancreatectomy
excision of polyps
polypectomy
repair of the anus and rectum
proctopasty
oral insertion of a tube into the stomach for examination and treatment, such as to remove blood clots from the stomach or to monitor bleeding
gastric levage
insertion of a tube through the nose and into the stomach for various purposes, such as to obtain a gastric fluid specimen for analysis
nasogastric intubation (NG)
drug that neutralizes stomach acid
antacid
drug that prevents or stops vomiting
antiemetic
drug that decreases motility in the gastrointestinal tract to arrest spasm or diarrhea
antispasmodic
drug that causes movement of the bowels
cathartic
Bx
biopsy
C&S
culture and sensitivity
CT
computed tomography
EGD
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
ERCP
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
EUS
endoscopic ultrasonography
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
GI
gastrointestinal
HAV
hepatitis A virus
HBV
hepatitis B virus
HCV
hepatitis C virus
LLQ
left lower quadrant
LUQ
left upper quadrant
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
NG
nasogastric
PUD
peptic ulcer disease
RLQ
right lower quadrant
RUQ
right upper quadrant
creation of an opening in the colon through the abdominal wall to create an abdominal anus, allowing stool to bypass a diseased portion of the colon
colostomy
repair of the esophagus
esophagoplasty
partial or complete removal of the stomach
gastrectomy
partial removal and repair of the stomach
gastric resection
formation of an artificial opening between the stomach and small intestine
gastroenterostomy
excision of all or part of the tongue
glossectomy
suture of the tongue
glossorrhaphy
excision of hemorrhoids
hemorrhoidectomy
excision of a lobe of the liver
hepatic lobectomy
repair of a hernia
herniorrhaphy, hernioplasty
surgical creation of an opening on the abdomen to which the end of the ileum is attached, providing a passageway for the ileal discharges
ileostomy
abdominal surgery using a laparoscope
laparoscopic surgery
incision into the abdomen
laparotomy
excision of the pancreas
pancreatectomy
excision of polyps
polypectomy
repair of the anus and rectum
proctopasty
oral insertion of a tube into the stomach for examination and treatment, such as to remove blood clots from the stomach or to monitor bleeding
gastric levage
insertion of a tube through the nose and into the stomach for various purposes, such as to obtain a gastric fluid specimen for analysis
nasogastric intubation (NG)
drug that neutralizes stomach acid
antacid
drug that prevents or stops vomiting
antiemetic
drug that decreases motility in the gastrointestinal tract to arrest spasm or diarrhea
antispasmodic
drug that causes movement of the bowels
cathartic
Bx
biopsy
C & S
culture and sensitivity
CT
computed tomography
EGD
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
ERCP
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
EUS
endoscopic ultrasonography
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
GI
gastrointestinal
HAV
hepatitis A virus
HBV
hepatitis B virus
HCV
hepatitis C virus
LLQ
left lower quadrant
LUQ
left upper quadrant
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
NG
nasogastric
PUD
peptic ulcer disease
RLQ
right lower quadrant
RUQ
right upper quadrant
