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Medical Terminology > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

abdomin/o, celi/o, lapar/o

A

abdomen

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2
Q

an/o

A

anus

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3
Q

appendic/o

A

appendix

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4
Q

bil/i, chol/e

A

bile

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5
Q

bucc/o

A

cheek

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6
Q

cheil/o

A

lip

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7
Q

col/o, colon/o

A

colon

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8
Q

cyst/o

A

bladder or sac

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9
Q

dent/i

A

teeth

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10
Q

doch/o

A

duct

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11
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum

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12
Q

enter/o

A

small intestine

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13
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

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14
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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15
Q

gingiv/o

A

gum

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16
Q

gloss/o, lingu/o

A

tongue

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17
Q

hepat/o, hepatic/o

A

liver

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18
Q

herni/o

A

hernia

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19
Q

ile/o

A

ileum

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20
Q

inguin/o

A

grion

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21
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum (empty)

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22
Q

lith/o

A

stone

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23
Q

or/o, stomat/o

A

mouth

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24
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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25
Q

peritone/o

A

peritoneum

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26
Q

phag/o

A

eat or swallow

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27
Q

proct/o

A

anus ad rectum

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28
Q

pylor/o

A

pylorus (gatekeeper)

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29
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

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30
Q

sial/o

A

saliva

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31
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon (resembles)

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32
Q

steat/o

A

fat

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33
Q

~emesis

A

vomiting

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34
Q

cavity that receives food for digestion

A

oral cavity, mouth

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35
Q

three pairs of exocrine glands in the mouth that secrete saliva: the parotid, the submandibular, and the sublingual glands

A

salivary glands

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36
Q

lateral walls of the mouth

A

cheeks

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37
Q

fleshy structures surrounding the mouth

A

lips

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38
Q

structure that forms the roof of the mouth

A

palate

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39
Q

small projection hanging from the back middle edge of the soft palate

A

uvula

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40
Q

muscular structure of the floor of the mouth covered by mucus membrane and secreted by a band-like membrane known as the frenulum

A

tongue

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41
Q

tissue covering the process of the jaws

A

gums

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42
Q

hard bony projections in the jaws for masticating food

A

teeth

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43
Q

throat

A

pharynx

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44
Q

muscular tube that moves from the pharynx to the stomach

A

esophagus

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45
Q

sac-like organ that chemically mixes and prepares food received from the esophagus

A

stomach

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46
Q

opening from the esophagus to the stomach

A

cardiac sphincter

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47
Q

opening from the stomach into the duodenum

A

pyloric sphincter

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48
Q

smaller tubular structure that digests food received from the stomach

A

small intestine

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49
Q

first portion of the small intestine

A

duodenum

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50
Q

second portion of the small intestine

A

jejunum

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51
Q

third portion of the small intestine

A

ileum

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52
Q

larger tubular structure that recieves the liquid waste products of digestion, reabsorbs water and minerals, and forms and stores feces for deification

A

large intestine

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53
Q

first part of the large intestine

A

cecum

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54
Q

worm-like projections of lymphatic tissue hanging off the cecum with no digestive function

A

vermiform appendix

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55
Q

portions of the large intestine extending from the cecum to the rectum

A

colon

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56
Q

portion of the colon that extends upward from cecum

A

ascending colon

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57
Q

portion of the colon that extends across from the ascending cecum

A

transverse colon

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58
Q

portion of the colon that extends downward from the transverse colon

A

descending colon

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59
Q

portion of the colon that terminates at the rectum

A

sigmoid colon

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60
Q

distal portion of the large intestine

A

rectum

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61
Q

dilated portion of the rectum just above the anal canal

A

rectal ampulla

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62
Q

opening of the rectum to the outside of the body

A

anus

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63
Q

waste formed by the absorption of water in the large intestine

A

feces

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64
Q

evacuation of feces from the rectum

A

deification

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65
Q

membrane surrounding the entire abdominal cavity and consisting of the parietal layer and the visceral layer

A

peritoneum

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66
Q

space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum

A

peritoneal cavity

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67
Q

an extension of the peritoneum attached to the stomach and connecting it with the other abdominal organs

A

omentum

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68
Q

organ in the upper right quadrant that produces bile, which is secreted into the duodenum during digestion

A

liver

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69
Q

receptacle that stores and concentrates the bile produced in the liver

A

gallbladder

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70
Q

gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum, where it mixes with bile to digest food

A

pancreas

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71
Q

ducts that convey bile

A

biliary ducts

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72
Q

upper lateral regions beneath the ribs

A

hypochondriac regions

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73
Q

upper middle region below the sternum

A

epigastric region

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74
Q

middle lateral region

A

lumbar region

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75
Q

region of the navel

A

umbilical region

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76
Q

lower lateral groin region

A

inguinal regions

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77
Q

region below the navel

A

hypogastric region

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78
Q

loss of appetite

A

anorexia

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79
Q

inability to swallow

A

aphagia

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80
Q

accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

A

ascites

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81
Q

in the cheek

A

buccal

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82
Q

frequent loose or liquid stools

A

diarrhea

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83
Q

infrequent or incomplete bowel movement characterized by hardened, dry stool that is difficult to pass

A

constipation

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84
Q

indigestion

A

dyspepsia

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85
Q

difficulty in swallowing

A

dysphagia

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86
Q

belch

A

eructation

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87
Q

gas in the stomach or intestine

A

flatulence

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88
Q

bad breath

A

halitosis

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89
Q

vomiting blood

A

hematemesis

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90
Q

red blood in stool

A

hematochezia

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91
Q

enlargement of the liver

A

hepatomegaly

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92
Q

excessive level of bilirubin in the blood

A

hyperbilirubinemia

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93
Q

yellow discoloration of the skin, sclera, and other tissues causes by excessive bilirubin in the blood

A

icterus, jaundice

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94
Q

dark-colored, tarry stool caused by old blood

A

melena

95
Q

feeling sick in the stomach

A

steatorrhea

96
Q

under the tongue

A

sublingual, hypoglossal

97
Q

tongue-tie, a defect of the tongue characterized by a short, thick frenulum

A

ankyloglossia

98
Q

inflammation of the lip

A

cheilitis

99
Q

swollen, twisted veins in the esophagus that are especially susceptible to ulceration and hemorrhage

A

esophageal veins

100
Q

inflammation of the esophagus

A

esophagitis

101
Q

inflammation of the stomach

A

gastritis

102
Q

backflow of contents of the stomach into the esophagus, often resulting from abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter, causing burning pain in the esophagus

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

103
Q

inflammation of the gums

A

gingivitis

104
Q

inflammation of the tongue

A

glossitis

105
Q

inflammation of the parotid gland

A

parotiditis, parotitis

106
Q

sore on the mucous membrane of the stomach, duodenum, or any other part of the gastrointestinal system exposed to gastric juices

A

peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

107
Q

ulcer located in the stomach

A

gastric ulcer

108
Q

ulcer located in the duodenum

A

duodenal ulcer

109
Q

narrowed condition of the pylorus

A

pyloric stenosis

110
Q

inflammation of a salivary gland

A

sialoadenitis

111
Q

inflammation of the mouth

A

stomatitis

112
Q

an abnormal, tube-like passageway from the anus that may connect with the rectum

A

anal fistula

113
Q

inflammation of the appendix

A

appendicitis

114
Q

inflammation of the colon

A

colitis

115
Q

chronic inflammation of the colon with ulcerations

A

ulcerative colitis

116
Q

benign tissue growths on the mucous membrane lining the large intestine and rectum

A

colorectal polyps

117
Q

projected on a stalk

A

pediculated polyp

118
Q

lying flat on the surface

A

sessile polyp

119
Q

an abnormal side pocket in the gastrointestinal tract

A

diverticulum

120
Q

presence of diverticula in the gastrointestinal tract, especially the colon

A

diverticulosis

121
Q

inflammation of the diverticula

A

diverticulitis

122
Q

inflammation of the intestine characterized by frequent, bloody stools

A

dysentery

123
Q

inflammation of the small intestine

A

enteritis

124
Q

swollen, twisted vein, in the anal region

A

hemorrhoid

125
Q

protrusion of a part from its normal location

A

hernia

126
Q

protrusion of a part of the stomach upward through the opening in the diaphragm

A

hiatal hernia

127
Q

protrusion of a loop of the intestine through layers of the abdominal wall in the inguinal region

A

inguinal hernia

128
Q

hernia that is swollen and fixed within a sac, causing an obstruction

A

incarcerated hernia

129
Q

hernia that is constricted, cut off from circulation, and likely to become gangrenous

A

strangulated hernia

130
Q

protrusion of the intestine through a weakness in the abdominal wall around the umbilicus inflammation of the lower portion of the small intestine

A

ileitis

131
Q

prolapse of one part of the intestine into the lumen of the adjoining part

A

intussusception

132
Q

inflammation of the peritoneum

A

peritonitis

133
Q

inflammation of the rectum and the anus

A

proctitis

134
Q

twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction

A

volvulus

135
Q

inflammation of the bile ducts

A

cholangitis

136
Q

inflammation of the gallbladder cholecystitis

A

cholecystitis

137
Q

presence of stones in the common bile duct

A

choledocholithiasis

138
Q

chronic disease characterized by degeneration of liver tissue

A

cirrhosis

139
Q

inflammation of the liver

A

hepatitis

140
Q

inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus, usually transmitted orally through fecal contamination of food or water

A

hepatitis A

141
Q

inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus, which is transmitted sexually or by exposure to contaminated blood or body fluids

A

hepatitis B

142
Q

inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus, which is transmitted by exposure to infected blood

A

hepatitis C

143
Q

inflammation of the pancreas

A

pancreatitis

144
Q

isolation of a stool specimen in a culture medium to identify disease-causing organisms

A

stool culture and sensitivity (C&S)

145
Q

chemical test of a stool specimen to detect the presence of blood

A

stool occult blood study

146
Q

puncture of the abdomen for aspiration of fluid

A

abdominocentesis

147
Q

puncture of the abdomen for aspiration of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

A

abdominal paracentesis

148
Q

excision of an anal fistula

A

anal fistulectomy

149
Q

union of two hollow vessels

A

anastomosis

150
Q

excision of a diseased appendix

A

appendectomy

151
Q

treatment of morbid obesity by surgery to the stomach and/or intestines

A

bariatric surgery

152
Q

repair of the lip

A

cheiloplasty

153
Q

excision of the gall bladder

A

cholecystectomy

154
Q

excision of the gallbladder through a laparoscope

A

laparoscopic cholecystectomy

155
Q

creation of an opening in the colon through the abdominal wall to create an abdominal anus, allowing stool to bypass a diseased portion of the colon

A

colostomy

156
Q

repair of the esophagus

A

esophagoplasty

157
Q

partial or complete removal of the stomach

A

gastrectomy

158
Q

partial removal and repair of the stomach

A

gastric resection

159
Q

formation of an artificial opening between the stomach and small intestine

A

gastroenterostomy

160
Q

excision of all or part of the tongue

A

glossectomy

161
Q

suture of the tongue

A

glossorrhaphy

162
Q

excision of hemorrhoids

A

hemorrhoidectomy

163
Q

excision of a lobe of the liver

A

hepatic lobectomy

164
Q

repair of a hernia

A

herniorrhaphy, hernioplasty

165
Q

surgical creation of an opening on the abdomen to which the end of the ileum is attached, providing a passageway for the ileal discharges

A

ileostomy

166
Q

abdominal surgery using a laparoscope

A

laparoscopic surgery

167
Q

incision into the abdomen

A

laparotomy

168
Q

excision of the pancreas

A

pancreatectomy

169
Q

excision of polyps

A

polypectomy

170
Q

repair of the anus and rectum

A

proctopasty

171
Q

oral insertion of a tube into the stomach for examination and treatment, such as to remove blood clots from the stomach or to monitor bleeding

A

gastric levage

172
Q

insertion of a tube through the nose and into the stomach for various purposes, such as to obtain a gastric fluid specimen for analysis

A

nasogastric intubation (NG)

173
Q

drug that neutralizes stomach acid

A

antacid

174
Q

drug that prevents or stops vomiting

A

antiemetic

175
Q

drug that decreases motility in the gastrointestinal tract to arrest spasm or diarrhea

A

antispasmodic

176
Q

drug that causes movement of the bowels

A

cathartic

177
Q

Bx

A

biopsy

178
Q

C&S

A

culture and sensitivity

179
Q

CT

A

computed tomography

180
Q

EGD

A

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

181
Q

ERCP

A

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

182
Q

EUS

A

endoscopic ultrasonography

183
Q

GERD

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

184
Q

GI

A

gastrointestinal

185
Q

HAV

A

hepatitis A virus

186
Q

HBV

A

hepatitis B virus

187
Q

HCV

A

hepatitis C virus

188
Q

LLQ

A

left lower quadrant

189
Q

LUQ

A

left upper quadrant

190
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance imaging

191
Q

NG

A

nasogastric

192
Q

PUD

A

peptic ulcer disease

193
Q

RLQ

A

right lower quadrant

194
Q

RUQ

A

right upper quadrant

195
Q

creation of an opening in the colon through the abdominal wall to create an abdominal anus, allowing stool to bypass a diseased portion of the colon

A

colostomy

196
Q

repair of the esophagus

A

esophagoplasty

197
Q

partial or complete removal of the stomach

A

gastrectomy

198
Q

partial removal and repair of the stomach

A

gastric resection

199
Q

formation of an artificial opening between the stomach and small intestine

A

gastroenterostomy

200
Q

excision of all or part of the tongue

A

glossectomy

201
Q

suture of the tongue

A

glossorrhaphy

202
Q

excision of hemorrhoids

A

hemorrhoidectomy

203
Q

excision of a lobe of the liver

A

hepatic lobectomy

204
Q

repair of a hernia

A

herniorrhaphy, hernioplasty

205
Q

surgical creation of an opening on the abdomen to which the end of the ileum is attached, providing a passageway for the ileal discharges

A

ileostomy

206
Q

abdominal surgery using a laparoscope

A

laparoscopic surgery

207
Q

incision into the abdomen

A

laparotomy

208
Q

excision of the pancreas

A

pancreatectomy

209
Q

excision of polyps

A

polypectomy

210
Q

repair of the anus and rectum

A

proctopasty

211
Q

oral insertion of a tube into the stomach for examination and treatment, such as to remove blood clots from the stomach or to monitor bleeding

A

gastric levage

212
Q

insertion of a tube through the nose and into the stomach for various purposes, such as to obtain a gastric fluid specimen for analysis

A

nasogastric intubation (NG)

213
Q

drug that neutralizes stomach acid

A

antacid

214
Q

drug that prevents or stops vomiting

A

antiemetic

215
Q

drug that decreases motility in the gastrointestinal tract to arrest spasm or diarrhea

A

antispasmodic

216
Q

drug that causes movement of the bowels

A

cathartic

217
Q

Bx

A

biopsy

218
Q

C & S

A

culture and sensitivity

219
Q

CT

A

computed tomography

220
Q

EGD

A

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

221
Q

ERCP

A

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

222
Q

EUS

A

endoscopic ultrasonography

223
Q

GERD

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

224
Q

GI

A

gastrointestinal

225
Q

HAV

A

hepatitis A virus

226
Q

HBV

A

hepatitis B virus

227
Q

HCV

A

hepatitis C virus

228
Q

LLQ

A

left lower quadrant

229
Q

LUQ

A

left upper quadrant

230
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance imaging

231
Q

NG

A

nasogastric

232
Q

PUD

A

peptic ulcer disease

233
Q

RLQ

A

right lower quadrant

234
Q

RUQ

A

right upper quadrant

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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