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Medical Terminology > Chapter 6- Blood and Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Chapter 6- Blood and Lymphatic System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

blast/o

A

germ or bud

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2
Q

chrom/o

A

color

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3
Q

chromat/o

A

color

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4
Q

chyl/o

A

juice

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5
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

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6
Q

hem/o

A

bloodd

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7
Q

hemat/o

A

blood

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8
Q

immun/o

A

safe

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9
Q

lymph/o

A

clear fluid

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10
Q

morph/o

A

form

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11
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow or spinal cord

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12
Q

phag/o

A

eat or swallow

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13
Q

reticul/o

A

a net

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14
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

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15
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

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16
Q

thym/o

A

thymus gland

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17
Q

liquid portion of the blood and lymph

A

plasma

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18
Q

liquid portion of the blood that remains after clotting

A

serum

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19
Q

red blood cell

A

erythrocyte

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20
Q

the protein-iron compound in erythrocytes that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

hemoglobin

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21
Q

white blood cell

A

leukocyte

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22
Q

a group of leukocytes containing granules in their cytoplasm

A

granulocyes

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23
Q

a granular leukocytes, named for the neutral stain of its granules, that fights infection by swallowing bacteria

A

neutrophil

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24
Q

another term for neutrophil, referring to the many segments in its nucleus

A

polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)

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25
Q

a granular leukocyte named for the rose-colored stain of its granules that increases allergic and some infectious reactions

A

eosinophil

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26
Q

a granular leukocyte named for the dark stain of its granules that brings anticoagulent substances to inflamed tissues

A

basophil

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27
Q

a group of leukocytes without granules in their nuclei

A

agranulocytes

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28
Q

an agranulocytic leukocyte that is active in the process if immunity

A

lymphocyte

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29
Q

an agranulocytic leukocyte that performs phagocytosis to fight infection

A

monocyte

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30
Q

thrombocytes

A

platelets

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31
Q

primary gland of the lymphatic system, located within the mediastinum, that helps to maintain the body’s immune response by producing T lymphocytes

A

thymus

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32
Q

organ between the stomach and the diaphragm that filters out aging blood cells, removes cellular debris by performing phagocytosis, and provides an environment for lymphocytes to initiate immune responses

A

spleen

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33
Q

fluid that is circulated through the lymph vessels

A

lymph

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34
Q

microscopic vessels that draw lymph from the tissues to the lymph vessels

A

lymph capillaries

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35
Q

vessels that receive lymph from the lymph capillaries and circulate it to the lymph nodes

A

lymph vessels

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36
Q

specialized lymph vessels in the small intestine that absorb fat into the bloodstream

A

lacteals

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37
Q

white or pale yellow substance in the lymph that contains fatty substances absorbed by the lacteals

A

chyle

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38
Q

many small, oval structures that filter lymph from the vessels

A

lymph nodes

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39
Q

collecting channels that carry lymph from the lymph nodes to the veins

A

lymph ducts

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40
Q

receives lymph from the right upper part of the body

A

right lymphatic duct

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41
Q

receives lymph from the left side of the head, neck, chest, abdomen, left arm, and lower extremities

A

thoracic duct

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42
Q

process of disease protection induced by exposure to an antigen

A

immunity

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43
Q

a substance that, when introduced into the body, causes the formation of antibiotics against it

A

antigen

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44
Q

a substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates an antigen that has entered the body

A

antibody

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45
Q

a long-lasting immunity that results from stimulating the body to produce its own antibodies

A

active immunity

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46
Q

a short-lasting immunity that results from foreign antibodies that are conveyed either naturally, through the placenta to a fetus, through the placenta to a fetus or artificially, by injection of a serum containing antibodies

A

passive immunity

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47
Q

presence of small red blood cells

A

microcytosis

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48
Q

presence of large red blood cells

A

macrocytosis

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49
Q

presence of red blood cells of unequal size

A

anisocytosis

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50
Q

presence of large, irregularly shaped red blood cells

A

poikilocytosis

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51
Q

an increased number of immature erythrocytes in the blood

A

reticulocytosis

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52
Q

an abnormally reduced number of red blood cells

A

erythropenia

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53
Q

a decreased number of neutrophils

A

neutropenia

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54
Q

an abnormally reduced number of all cellular components in the blood

A

pancytopenia

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55
Q

an abnormally decreased number of platelets in the blood, impairing the clotting process

A

thrombocytopenia

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56
Q

breakdown of the red blood cell membrane

A

hemolysis

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57
Q

impaired immunologic defenses caused by an immunodeficiency disorder or by therapy with immunosuppressive agents

A

immunocompromised

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58
Q

impaired ability to provide an immune response

A

immunosuppression

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59
Q

enlarged lymph nodes

A

lymphadenopathy

60
Q

enlargement of the spleen

A

splenomegaly

61
Q

a syndrome caused by the human immunodeficiency virus that renders the immune cells ineffective, permitting opportunistic infections, malignancies, and neurologic diseases to develop

A

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

62
Q

a condition of reduced numbers of red blood cells, hemoglobin, or packed red cells in the blood, resulting in a diminished ability of red blood cells to transport oxygen to the tissues

A

anemia

63
Q

a normocytic-normochromic type of anemia characterized by the failure of bone marrow to produce red blood cells

A

aplastic anemia

64
Q

a microcytic-hypochromic type of anemia characterized by a lack of iron that affects the production of hemoglobin and its characterized by small red blood cells containing low amounts of hemoglobin

A

iron deficiency anemia

65
Q

a macrocytic-normochromic type of anemia characterized by an inadequate supply of vitamin B12, causing red blood cells to become large, varied in shape, and reduced in number

A

pernicious anemia

66
Q

any disorder characterized by abnormal function of the immune system that causes the body to produce antibodies against itself, resulting in tissue destruction or loss of function

A

autoimmune disease

67
Q

a disorder that results from the incompatibility of a fetus with Rh-positive blood and a mother with Rh-negative blood, causing red blood cell destruction in the fetus

A

erythroblastosis fetalis

68
Q

presence or lack of antigens on the surface of red blood cells, which causes a reaction between Rh-positive blood and Rh-negative blood

A

Rh factor

69
Q

presence of antigens

A

Rh positive

70
Q

absence of antigens

A

Rh negative

71
Q

hereditary disorder with an excessive buildup of iron deposits in the body

A

hemochromatosis

72
Q

a group of hereditary bleeding disorders caused by a defect in clotting factors necessary for coagulation of blood

A

hemophilia

73
Q

chronic or acute malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by abdominal leukocytes in the blood and bone marrow

A

leukemia

74
Q

disorder within the bone marrow characterized by a proliferation of abnormal stem cells

A

myelodysplasia

75
Q

any neoplastic disorder of lymph tissue, usually malignant, as in Hodgkin disease

A

lymphoma

76
Q

process by which cancer cells are spread by blood or lymph circulation to a distant organ

A

metastasis

77
Q

condition caused by the Epstein-Barr virus and characterized by an increase in mononuclear cells in the blood along with enlarged lymph nodes, fatigue, and sore throat

A

mononucleosis

78
Q

increased number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the blood

A

polycythemia

79
Q

systemic disease caused by infection with microorganisms and their toxins in circulating blood

A

septicemia

80
Q

incision into or puncture of a vein to withdraw blood for testing

A

phlebotomy, venipuncture

81
Q

test of the fluid portion of blood to measure the amounts of its chemical constituents

A

blood chemistry

82
Q

specialized batteries of automated blood chemistry tests performed on a single sample of blood

A

blood chemistry panels

83
Q

battery of tests used as a general screen for disease

A

basic metabolic panel (BMP)

84
Q

tests performed in addition to the basic panel for expanded screening

A

comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP)

85
Q

test to determine if infection is present in the bloodstream by isolating a specimen of blood in an environment that encourages the growth of microorganisms

A

blood culture

86
Q

a measure of the number of CD4 cells in the blood

A

CD4 cell count

87
Q

test to determine coagulation defects, such as platelet disorders

A

partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

88
Q

substance present in tissues, platelets, and leukocytes that is necessary for coagulation

A

thromboplastin

89
Q

test to measure activity of prothrombin in the blood

A

prothrombin time (PT)

90
Q

protein substance in the blood that is essential to the clotting process

A

prothrombin

91
Q

a common laboratory blood test performed as a screen of general health or for diagnostic purposes and typically includes the component tests that follow

A

complete blood count (CBC)

92
Q

a count of the number of white blood cells in a given volume of blood obtained via manual or automated laboratory methods

A

white blood count (WBC)

93
Q

a count of the number of red blood cells in a given volume of blood obtained via manual of automated laboratory methods

A

red blood count (RBC)

94
Q

a test to determine the blood level of hemoglobin

A

hemoglobin (HGB or Hgb)

95
Q

a measurement of the percentage of packed red blood cells in a given volume of blood

A

hematocrit (HCT or Hct)

96
Q

calculations of RBC, HGB, and HCT results to determine the average size, hemoglobin concentration, and content of red blood cells to classify an anemia

A

blood indices

97
Q

calculation of the volume of individual red blood cells using HCT and RBC results

A

mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

98
Q

calculation of the content (weight) of hemoglobin in the average red blood cell using HGB and RBC results

A

mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)

99
Q

calculation of the average hemoglobin concentration in each red blood cell using HGB and HCT results

A

mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)

100
Q

determination of the number of each type of white blood cell in a stained blood smear

A

differential count

101
Q

as part of identity and counting the white blood cells, the condition, size, and shape of red blood cells in the background of the smeared side are noted

A

red cell morphology

102
Q

claculation of the number of thrombocytes in the blood

A

platelet count (PLT)

103
Q

needle aspiration of bone marrow tissue for pathologic examination

A

bone marrow aspiration

104
Q

pathologic examination of bone marrow tissue

A

bone marrow biopsy

105
Q

an x-rayimage of a lymph node or vessel obtained after injection of a contrast medium

A

lymphangiogram

106
Q

full body x-ray CT images are used to detect tumors and cancers such as lymphoma

A

computed tomography (CT)

107
Q

scanning technique combining nuclear medicine and computed tomography technology to produce images of anatomy and metabolic function within the body

A

positron-emission tomography (PET)

108
Q

transplantation of healthy bone marrow from a compatible donor to a diseased recipient to stimulate blood cell production

A

bone marrow transplant

109
Q

removal of a lymph node

A

lymphadenectomy

110
Q

incision into a lymph node

A

lymphadenotomy

111
Q

removal of possible cancer-carrying lymph nodes for pathologic examination

A

lymph node dissection

112
Q

removal of the spleen

A

splenectomy

113
Q

removal of the thymus gland

A

thymectomy

114
Q

introduction of blood into the circulation of a recipient whose blood volume is reduced or deficient in some manner

A

blood transfusion

115
Q

blood donated by and stored for a patient for suture personal use

A

autologous blood

116
Q

blood voluntarily donated by any person for transfusion to a compatible recipient

A

homologous blood

117
Q

transfusion of a specific blood component, such as packed red blood cells, plasma, of platelets

A

blood component therapy

118
Q

method of matching a donor’s blood to the recipient by mixing a sample in a test tube to determine compatibility

A

cross-matching

119
Q

treatment of malignancies infections and other diseases with chemical agents to destroy selected cells or to impair their ability to reproduce

A

chemotherapy

120
Q

use of biologic agents to prevent or treat disease by stimulating the body’s own defense mechanisms

A

immunotherapy

121
Q

removal of plasma from the body with separation and extraction of specific elements

A

plasmapheresis

122
Q

AIDS

A

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

123
Q

ALT

A

alanine aminotransferase

124
Q

AST

A

aspartate aminotransferase

125
Q

BMP

A

basic metabolic panel

126
Q

BUN

A

blood urea nitrogen

127
Q

CBC

A

complete blood count

128
Q

CMP

A

comprehensive metabolic panel

129
Q

CO2

A

carbon dioxide

130
Q

CT

A

computed tomography

131
Q

ESR

A

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

132
Q

HCT or Hct

A

hematocrit

133
Q

HGB or Hgb

A

hemoglobin

134
Q

HIV

A

human immunodeficiency virus

135
Q

MCH

A

mean corpuscular hemoglobin

136
Q

MCHC

A

mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

137
Q

MCV

A

mean corpuscular volume

138
Q

NK

A

natural killer

139
Q

PET

A

positron-emmision tomography

140
Q

PLT

A

platelet count

141
Q

PMN

A

polymorphonuclear

142
Q

PT

A

prothrombin time

143
Q

PTT

A

partial thromboplastin time

144
Q

RBC

A

red blood cell, red blood count

145
Q

WBC

A

white blood cell, white blood count

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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