Chapter 6- Blood and Lymphatic System Flashcards
1
Q
blast/o
A
germ or bud
2
Q
chrom/o
A
color
3
Q
chromat/o
A
color
4
Q
chyl/o
A
juice
5
Q
cyt/o
A
cell
6
Q
hem/o
A
bloodd
7
Q
hemat/o
A
blood
8
Q
immun/o
A
safe
9
Q
lymph/o
A
clear fluid
10
Q
morph/o
A
form
11
Q
myel/o
A
bone marrow or spinal cord
12
Q
phag/o
A
eat or swallow
13
Q
reticul/o
A
a net
14
Q
splen/o
A
spleen
15
Q
thromb/o
A
clot
16
Q
thym/o
A
thymus gland
17
Q
liquid portion of the blood and lymph
A
plasma
18
Q
liquid portion of the blood that remains after clotting
A
serum
19
Q
red blood cell
A
erythrocyte
20
Q
the protein-iron compound in erythrocytes that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
A
hemoglobin
21
Q
white blood cell
A
leukocyte
22
Q
a group of leukocytes containing granules in their cytoplasm
A
granulocyes
23
Q
a granular leukocytes, named for the neutral stain of its granules, that fights infection by swallowing bacteria
A
neutrophil
24
Q
another term for neutrophil, referring to the many segments in its nucleus
A
polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)
25
a granular leukocyte named for the rose-colored stain of its granules that increases allergic and some infectious reactions
eosinophil
26
a granular leukocyte named for the dark stain of its granules that brings anticoagulent substances to inflamed tissues
basophil
27
a group of leukocytes without granules in their nuclei
agranulocytes
28
an agranulocytic leukocyte that is active in the process if immunity
lymphocyte
29
an agranulocytic leukocyte that performs phagocytosis to fight infection
monocyte
30
thrombocytes
platelets
31
primary gland of the lymphatic system, located within the mediastinum, that helps to maintain the body's immune response by producing T lymphocytes
thymus
32
organ between the stomach and the diaphragm that filters out aging blood cells, removes cellular debris by performing phagocytosis, and provides an environment for lymphocytes to initiate immune responses
spleen
33
fluid that is circulated through the lymph vessels
lymph
34
microscopic vessels that draw lymph from the tissues to the lymph vessels
lymph capillaries
35
vessels that receive lymph from the lymph capillaries and circulate it to the lymph nodes
lymph vessels
36
specialized lymph vessels in the small intestine that absorb fat into the bloodstream
lacteals
37
white or pale yellow substance in the lymph that contains fatty substances absorbed by the lacteals
chyle
38
many small, oval structures that filter lymph from the vessels
lymph nodes
39
collecting channels that carry lymph from the lymph nodes to the veins
lymph ducts
40
receives lymph from the right upper part of the body
right lymphatic duct
41
receives lymph from the left side of the head, neck, chest, abdomen, left arm, and lower extremities
thoracic duct
42
process of disease protection induced by exposure to an antigen
immunity
43
a substance that, when introduced into the body, causes the formation of antibiotics against it
antigen
44
a substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates an antigen that has entered the body
antibody
45
a long-lasting immunity that results from stimulating the body to produce its own antibodies
active immunity
46
a short-lasting immunity that results from foreign antibodies that are conveyed either naturally, through the placenta to a fetus, through the placenta to a fetus or artificially, by injection of a serum containing antibodies
passive immunity
47
presence of small red blood cells
microcytosis
48
presence of large red blood cells
macrocytosis
49
presence of red blood cells of unequal size
anisocytosis
50
presence of large, irregularly shaped red blood cells
poikilocytosis
51
an increased number of immature erythrocytes in the blood
reticulocytosis
52
an abnormally reduced number of red blood cells
erythropenia
53
a decreased number of neutrophils
neutropenia
54
an abnormally reduced number of all cellular components in the blood
pancytopenia
55
an abnormally decreased number of platelets in the blood, impairing the clotting process
thrombocytopenia
56
breakdown of the red blood cell membrane
hemolysis
57
impaired immunologic defenses caused by an immunodeficiency disorder or by therapy with immunosuppressive agents
immunocompromised
58
impaired ability to provide an immune response
immunosuppression
59
enlarged lymph nodes
lymphadenopathy
60
enlargement of the spleen
splenomegaly
61
a syndrome caused by the human immunodeficiency virus that renders the immune cells ineffective, permitting opportunistic infections, malignancies, and neurologic diseases to develop
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
62
a condition of reduced numbers of red blood cells, hemoglobin, or packed red cells in the blood, resulting in a diminished ability of red blood cells to transport oxygen to the tissues
anemia
63
a normocytic-normochromic type of anemia characterized by the failure of bone marrow to produce red blood cells
aplastic anemia
64
a microcytic-hypochromic type of anemia characterized by a lack of iron that affects the production of hemoglobin and its characterized by small red blood cells containing low amounts of hemoglobin
iron deficiency anemia
65
a macrocytic-normochromic type of anemia characterized by an inadequate supply of vitamin B12, causing red blood cells to become large, varied in shape, and reduced in number
pernicious anemia
66
any disorder characterized by abnormal function of the immune system that causes the body to produce antibodies against itself, resulting in tissue destruction or loss of function
autoimmune disease
67
a disorder that results from the incompatibility of a fetus with Rh-positive blood and a mother with Rh-negative blood, causing red blood cell destruction in the fetus
erythroblastosis fetalis
68
presence or lack of antigens on the surface of red blood cells, which causes a reaction between Rh-positive blood and Rh-negative blood
Rh factor
69
presence of antigens
Rh positive
70
absence of antigens
Rh negative
71
hereditary disorder with an excessive buildup of iron deposits in the body
hemochromatosis
72
a group of hereditary bleeding disorders caused by a defect in clotting factors necessary for coagulation of blood
hemophilia
73
chronic or acute malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by abdominal leukocytes in the blood and bone marrow
leukemia
74
disorder within the bone marrow characterized by a proliferation of abnormal stem cells
myelodysplasia
75
any neoplastic disorder of lymph tissue, usually malignant, as in Hodgkin disease
lymphoma
76
process by which cancer cells are spread by blood or lymph circulation to a distant organ
metastasis
77
condition caused by the Epstein-Barr virus and characterized by an increase in mononuclear cells in the blood along with enlarged lymph nodes, fatigue, and sore throat
mononucleosis
78
increased number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the blood
polycythemia
79
systemic disease caused by infection with microorganisms and their toxins in circulating blood
septicemia
80
incision into or puncture of a vein to withdraw blood for testing
phlebotomy, venipuncture
81
test of the fluid portion of blood to measure the amounts of its chemical constituents
blood chemistry
82
specialized batteries of automated blood chemistry tests performed on a single sample of blood
blood chemistry panels
83
battery of tests used as a general screen for disease
basic metabolic panel (BMP)
84
tests performed in addition to the basic panel for expanded screening
comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP)
85
test to determine if infection is present in the bloodstream by isolating a specimen of blood in an environment that encourages the growth of microorganisms
blood culture
86
a measure of the number of CD4 cells in the blood
CD4 cell count
87
test to determine coagulation defects, such as platelet disorders
partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
88
substance present in tissues, platelets, and leukocytes that is necessary for coagulation
thromboplastin
89
test to measure activity of prothrombin in the blood
prothrombin time (PT)
90
protein substance in the blood that is essential to the clotting process
prothrombin
91
a common laboratory blood test performed as a screen of general health or for diagnostic purposes and typically includes the component tests that follow
complete blood count (CBC)
92
a count of the number of white blood cells in a given volume of blood obtained via manual or automated laboratory methods
white blood count (WBC)
93
a count of the number of red blood cells in a given volume of blood obtained via manual of automated laboratory methods
red blood count (RBC)
94
a test to determine the blood level of hemoglobin
hemoglobin (HGB or Hgb)
95
a measurement of the percentage of packed red blood cells in a given volume of blood
hematocrit (HCT or Hct)
96
calculations of RBC, HGB, and HCT results to determine the average size, hemoglobin concentration, and content of red blood cells to classify an anemia
blood indices
97
calculation of the volume of individual red blood cells using HCT and RBC results
mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
98
calculation of the content (weight) of hemoglobin in the average red blood cell using HGB and RBC results
mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)
99
calculation of the average hemoglobin concentration in each red blood cell using HGB and HCT results
mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
100
determination of the number of each type of white blood cell in a stained blood smear
differential count
101
as part of identity and counting the white blood cells, the condition, size, and shape of red blood cells in the background of the smeared side are noted
red cell morphology
102
claculation of the number of thrombocytes in the blood
platelet count (PLT)
103
needle aspiration of bone marrow tissue for pathologic examination
bone marrow aspiration
104
pathologic examination of bone marrow tissue
bone marrow biopsy
105
an x-rayimage of a lymph node or vessel obtained after injection of a contrast medium
lymphangiogram
106
full body x-ray CT images are used to detect tumors and cancers such as lymphoma
computed tomography (CT)
107
scanning technique combining nuclear medicine and computed tomography technology to produce images of anatomy and metabolic function within the body
positron-emission tomography (PET)
108
transplantation of healthy bone marrow from a compatible donor to a diseased recipient to stimulate blood cell production
bone marrow transplant
109
removal of a lymph node
lymphadenectomy
110
incision into a lymph node
lymphadenotomy
111
removal of possible cancer-carrying lymph nodes for pathologic examination
lymph node dissection
112
removal of the spleen
splenectomy
113
removal of the thymus gland
thymectomy
114
introduction of blood into the circulation of a recipient whose blood volume is reduced or deficient in some manner
blood transfusion
115
blood donated by and stored for a patient for suture personal use
autologous blood
116
blood voluntarily donated by any person for transfusion to a compatible recipient
homologous blood
117
transfusion of a specific blood component, such as packed red blood cells, plasma, of platelets
blood component therapy
118
method of matching a donor's blood to the recipient by mixing a sample in a test tube to determine compatibility
cross-matching
119
treatment of malignancies infections and other diseases with chemical agents to destroy selected cells or to impair their ability to reproduce
chemotherapy
120
use of biologic agents to prevent or treat disease by stimulating the body's own defense mechanisms
immunotherapy
121
removal of plasma from the body with separation and extraction of specific elements
plasmapheresis
122
AIDS
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
123
ALT
alanine aminotransferase
124
AST
aspartate aminotransferase
125
BMP
basic metabolic panel
126
BUN
blood urea nitrogen
127
CBC
complete blood count
128
CMP
comprehensive metabolic panel
129
CO2
carbon dioxide
130
CT
computed tomography
131
ESR
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
132
HCT or Hct
hematocrit
133
HGB or Hgb
hemoglobin
134
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
135
MCH
mean corpuscular hemoglobin
136
MCHC
mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
137
MCV
mean corpuscular volume
138
NK
natural killer
139
PET
positron-emmision tomography
140
PLT
platelet count
141
PMN
polymorphonuclear
142
PT
prothrombin time
143
PTT
partial thromboplastin time
144
RBC
red blood cell, red blood count
145
WBC
white blood cell, white blood count
