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Medical Terminology > Chapter 15- Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Chapter 15- Female Reproductive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

cervic/o

A

neck or cervix

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2
Q

colp/o, vagin/o

A

vagina (sheath)

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3
Q

episi/o, vulv/o

A

vulva (covering)

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4
Q

gynec/o

A

woman

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5
Q

hyster/o, metr/o, uter/o

A

uterus

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6
Q

lact/o

A

milk

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7
Q

mast/o, mamm/o

A

breast

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8
Q

men/o

A

menstruation

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9
Q

obstetr/o

A

midwife

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10
Q

oophor/o, ovari/o

A

ovary

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11
Q

ov/i, ov/o

A

egg

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12
Q

pelv/i

A

pelvis

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13
Q

salping/o

A

uterine tube

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14
Q

toc/o

A

labor or birth

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15
Q

-arche

A

beginning

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16
Q

womb; a pear-shaped organ in the pelvic cavity in which in which the embryo and fetus develops

A

uterus

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17
Q

upper portion of the uterus above the entry to the uterine tubes

A

fundus

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18
Q

lining of the uterus, which is shed approximately every 28 to 30 days in a nonpregnant female during menstruation

A

endometrium

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19
Q

muscular wall of the uterus

A

myometrium

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20
Q

tubes extending from each side of the uterus toward the ovary that provide a passage for ova to the uterus

A

uterine tubes, fallopian tubes

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21
Q

uterine tubes and ovaries

A

adnexa

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22
Q

right tube and ovary

A

right uterine appendage

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23
Q

left tube and ovary

A

left uterine appendage

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24
Q

one of two glands located on each side of the pelvic cavity that produce ova and female sex hormones

A

ovary

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25
Q

neck of the uterus

A

cervix

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26
Q

opening of the cervix to the uterus

A

cervical os

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27
Q

tubular passageway from the cervix to the outside of the body

A

vagina

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28
Q

external genitalia of the female

A

vulva

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29
Q

folds of tissue on either side of the vaginal opening

A

labia

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30
Q

female erectile tissue in the anterior portion of the vulva

A

clitoris

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31
Q

fold of mucous membrane that encircles the entrance to the vagina

A

hymen

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32
Q

entrence to the vagina

A

introitus

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33
Q

two glands located on either side of the vaginal opening that secrete a lubricant during intercourse

A

Bartholin glands

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34
Q

region between the vulva and anus

A

perineum

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35
Q

two glands in the female breasts that are capable of producing milk

A

mammary glands

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36
Q

nipple

A

mammary papilla

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37
Q

dark-pigment area around the nipple

A

areola

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38
Q

the developing organism from fertilization to the end of the 8th week

A

embryo

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39
Q

the developing organism from the 9th week to birth

A

fetus

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40
Q

vascular organ that develops in the uterine wall during pregnancy to provide nourishment for the fetus

A

placenta

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41
Q

innermost of the membranes surrounding the embryo in the uterus, filled with amniotic fluid

A

amnion, amniotic sac

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42
Q

fluid within the amniotic sac that surrounds and protects the fetus

A

amniotic fluid

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43
Q

intestinal discharge of the fetus that form the first stools in the newborn

A

meconium

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44
Q

absence of menstruation

A

amenorrhea

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45
Q

painful menstruation

A

dysmenorrhea

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46
Q

scanty menstrual period

A

oligomenorrhea

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47
Q

absence of ovulation

A

anovulation

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48
Q

painful intercourse

A

dyspareunia

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49
Q

abnormal white or yellow vaginal discharge

A

leukorrhea

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50
Q

excessive bleeding at the time of menstruation

A

menorragia

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51
Q

bleeding from the uterus at any time other than normal menstruation

A

metrorrhagia

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52
Q

irregular ovulation

A

oligo-ovulation

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53
Q

inflammation of the cervix

A

cervicitis

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54
Q

birth defects that cause abnormal development of an organ or structure

A

congenital anomalies, congenital irregularities

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55
Q

congenital tumor composed of displaced embryonic tissue

A

dermoid cyst

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56
Q

displacement of the uterus from its normal position

A

displacement of the uterus

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57
Q

abnormal forward bending of the uterus

A

anteflexion

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58
Q

abnormal backward flexion of the uterus

A

retroflexion

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59
Q

backward turn of the whole uterus; also called tipped uterus

A

retroversion

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60
Q

condition characterized by migration of portions of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity

A

endometriosis

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61
Q

inflammation of the endometrium

A

endometritis

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62
Q

benign tumor in the uterus composed of smooth muscle and fibrous connective tissue

A

fibroid, fibromyoma, leiomyoma

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63
Q

abnormal passage, such as from one hollow organ to another

A

fistula

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64
Q

abnormal opening between the vagina and rectum

A

rectovaginal fistula

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65
Q

abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina

A

vesicovaginal fistula

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66
Q

abnormal development of cervical tissue cells

A

cervical neoplasm

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67
Q

potentially cancerous abnormality of the epithelial tissue of the cervix, graded according to the extent of abnormal cell formation

A

cervical intraepithelial ceoplasm (CIN)

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68
Q

CIN-1: mild dyplasia
CIN-2: moderate dysplasia
CIN-3: severe dysplasia

A

cervical dysplasia

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69
Q

malignant cell changes of the cervix that are localized, without any spread to adjacent structures

A

carcinoma in situ of the cervix (CIS)

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70
Q

cessation of menstrual periods caused by lack of ovarian hormones

A

menopause

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71
Q

inflammation of one or both ovaries

A

oophoritis

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72
Q

cyst of the uterine tube

A

parovarian cyst

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73
Q

scarring of tissue within the pelvic cavity resulting from endometriosis, infection, or injury

A

pelvic adhesions

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74
Q

inflammation of organs in the pelvic cavity

A

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

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75
Q

relaxation of supportive ligaments of the pelvic organs

A

pelvic floor relaxation

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76
Q

pouching of the bladder into the vagina

A

cystocele

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77
Q

pouching of the rectum into the vagina

A

rectocele

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78
Q

pouching sac of peritoneum between the vagina and the rectum

A

enterocele

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79
Q

pouching of the urethra into the vagina

A

urethrocele

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80
Q

descent of the uterus down the vaginal canal

A

prolapse

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81
Q

inflammation of a fallopian tube

A

salpingitis

82
Q

inflammation of the vagina with redness, swelling and irritation

A

vaginitis

83
Q

infection of the vagina, with little or no inflammation, characterized by a milk-like discharge and an unpleasant odor

A

vaginosis

84
Q

malignant tumor of the breast tissue

A

adenocarcinoma of the breast

85
Q

absence of a breast

A

amastia

86
Q

benign condition of the breast consisting of fibrous and cystic changes that render the tissue more dense

A

fibrocystic breasts

87
Q

development of mammary glands in the male caused be altered hormone levels

A

gynecomastia

88
Q

abnormally large breasts

A

hypermastia, macromastia

89
Q

unusually small breast

A

hypomastia, micromastia

90
Q

inflammation of the breast

A

mastitis

91
Q

presence of more than two breasts

A

polymastia

92
Q

presence of more than one nipple on a breast

A

polythelia, supernumerary nipple

93
Q

breaking down or severing of pelvic adhesions

A

adhesiolysis, adhesiotomy

94
Q

removal of a cone-shaped portion of the cervix

A

cervical conization

95
Q

suture to repair the vagina

A

colporrhaphy

96
Q

repair of a cystocele

A

colporrhaphy anterior repair

97
Q

repair of a rectocele

A

colporrhaphy posterior repair

98
Q

anterior and posterior repair of cystocele and rectocele

A

colporrhaphy A&P repair

99
Q

method of destroying tissue by freezing

A

cryosurgery

100
Q

dilation of the cervix and scrapping of the endometrium to control bleeding, to obtain tissue for biopsy, or to remove polyps or products of conception

A

dilation and curettage (D&C)

101
Q

removal of the uterus

A

hysterectomy

102
Q

removal of the uterus through an incision in the abdomen

A

abdominal hysterectomy

103
Q

removal of the uterus through the vagina

A

vaginal hysterectomy

104
Q

removal of the uterus and cervix

A

total hysterectomy

105
Q

inspection of the abdomen or pelvic cavity with a laparoscope, which is an endoscope used to examine the abdominal and pelvic regions

A

laparoscopy

106
Q

surgical procedures within the abdominal or pelvic region using a laparoscope

A

laparoscope surgery

107
Q

use of a laser to destroy lesions or to dissect or cut tissue

A

laser surgery

108
Q

use of electrosurgical or radio waves transformed through a loop-configued electrosurgical device to treat precancerous cervical lesions by simultaneously excisional biopsy and treatment of affected tissue

A

loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), large-loop excision of the transformation zone

109
Q

excision of fibroid tumors

A

myomectomy

110
Q

excision of an ovary

A

oophorectomy

111
Q

excision of an ovarian cyst

A

ovarian cystectomy

112
Q

excision of a uterine tube

A

salpingectomy

113
Q

excision of both uterine tubes and ovaries

A

bilateral salpingooophorectomy

114
Q

incision into a fallopian tube

A

salpingotomy

115
Q

creation of an opening in the fallopian tube to open a blockage

A

salpingostomy

116
Q

sterilization of a woman by cutting and tying the uterine tubes

A

tubal ligation

117
Q

excision of a breast tumor without removing any other tissues or lymph nodes

A

lumpectomy

118
Q

removal of a breast

A

masectomy

119
Q

removal of an entire breast but with the underlying muscle and axillary lymph nodes left intact

A

simple masectomy

120
Q

removal of an entire breast along with the underlying chest muscles and axillary lymph nodes

A

radical masectomy

121
Q

removal of an entire breast and lymph nodes of the axilla

A

modified radial masectomy

122
Q

surgical reconstruction of a breast

A

mammoplasty

123
Q

reconstruction to enlarge the breast often by insertion of an implant

A

augmentation mammoplasty

124
Q

reconstruction to remove excessive breast tissue

A

reduction mammoplasty

125
Q

elevation of pendulous breast tissue

A

mastopexy

126
Q

a pregnant woman

A

gravida

127
Q

having never been pregnant

A

nulligravida

128
Q

first pregnancy

A

primigravida

129
Q

to bear; woman who has produced one or more viable offspring

A

para

130
Q

a woman who has not borne a child

A

nullipara

131
Q

first delivery

A

primipara

132
Q

a woman who has given birth to two or more children

A

multipara

133
Q

progressive obliteration of the endocervical canal during delivery

A

cervical effacement

134
Q

expected date for delivery of a baby, usually 280 days or 40 weeks

A

estimated date of confinement (EDC)

135
Q

presence of meconium in amniotic fluid

A

meconium staining

136
Q

rupture of the amniotic sac, usually at onset of labor

A

ruptured membranes

137
Q

large-bodied baby commonly seen in diabetic pregnancies

A

macrosomia

138
Q

excessive amniotic fluid

A

polyhydramnios

139
Q

expulsion of the products of conception before the fetus is viable

A

abortion (AB)

140
Q

miscarriage

A

spontaneous abortion (SAB)

141
Q

spontaneous abortion occurring in three or more consecutive pregnancies

A

habitual abortion

142
Q

incomplete expulsion of the products of conception

A

incomplete abortion

143
Q

death of a fetus embryo within the uterus that is not naturally expelled after death

A

missed abortion

144
Q

bleeding with the threat of miscarriage

A

threatened abortion

145
Q

condition preventing normal delivery through the birth canal

A

cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD)

146
Q

true toxemia of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, albuminuria, edema of the legs and feet, and severe headaches, dizziness, convulsions, and coma

A

eclampsia

147
Q

toxemia of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, albuminuria, edema of the legs and feet, and puffyness of the face, without convulsion or coma

A

preeclampsia, pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH)

148
Q

implantation of the fertilized egg outside the uterine cavity, often in the tube or ovary, or, rarely in the abdominal cavity

A

ectopic pregnancy

149
Q

disorder that results from the incompatibility of a fetus with Rh-positive blood factor and a mother with an RH-negative blood factor, causing red blood cell destruction in the fetus

A

erythroblastosis fetalis

150
Q

presence, or lack, of antigens in the surface of red blood cells that may cause a reaction between the blood of the mothe and the fetus, resulting in fetal anemia, which causes erythroblastosis fetalis

A

Rh factor

151
Q

presence of antigens

A

Rh positive

152
Q

absence of antigens

A

Rh negative

153
Q

severe nausea and vomiting in pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in the mother and fetus

A

hyperemesis gravydarum

154
Q

fetal aspiration of amniotic fluid containing meconium

A

meconium aspiration

155
Q

displaced attachment of the placenta in the lower region of the uterine cavity

A

placenta previa

156
Q

premature detachment of a normally situated placenta

A

abruptio placentae

157
Q

surgical delivery of a baby via an incision through the abdomen and into the uterus

A

cesarean section (C-section)

158
Q

dilation of the cervix and removal of the products of conception

A

dilation and evacuation (D&E)

159
Q

incision of the perineum to facilitate delivery of a baby

A

episiotomy

160
Q

introduction of a solution into the amniotic sac

A

amnioinfusion

161
Q

abortion induced by mechanical means or by drugs for medical reasons

A

therapeutic abortion (TAB)

162
Q

manual method for reversing the position of the fetus, usually done to facilitate delivery

A

version

163
Q

abdominal manipulation

A

external version

164
Q

intravaginal manipulation

A

internal version

165
Q

drug that causes abortion

A

abortifacient

166
Q

hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that causes myometrial contraction

A

oxytocin

167
Q

immunizing agent given to an Rh-negative mother within 72 hours after delivering an Rh-positive baby to suppress the Rh immune response

A

Rh immune globulin

168
Q

drug used to stop labor contractions

A

tocolytic agent

169
Q

AB

A

abortion

170
Q

AIDS

A

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

171
Q

A&P

A

anterior and posterior

172
Q

Bx

A

biopsy

173
Q

CIN

A

cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

174
Q

CIS

A

carcinoma in situ

175
Q

CPD

A

cephalopelvic disproportion

176
Q

C-section

A

cesarian section

177
Q

CVS

A

chorionic villus sampling

178
Q

D&C

A

dilation and curettage

179
Q

D&E

A

dilation and evacuation

180
Q

EDC

A

estimated date of confinement

181
Q

EDD

A

estimated date of delivery

182
Q

GYN

A

gynecology

183
Q

HBV

A

hepatitis B virus

184
Q

HIV

A

human immunodeficiency virus

185
Q

HPV

A

human papilloma virus

186
Q

HRT

A

hormone replacement therapy

187
Q

HSV-2

A

herpes simplex virus type 2

188
Q

IUD

A

intrauterine device

189
Q

LEEP

A

loop electrosurgical excision procedure

190
Q

LLETZ

A

large-loop excision of the transformation zone

191
Q

LMP

A

last menstrual period

192
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance imaging

193
Q

OB

A

obstetrics

194
Q

OCP

A

oral contraceptive pill

195
Q

Pap

A

Papanicolaou (smear)

196
Q

PID

A

pelvic inflammatory disease

197
Q

PIH

A

pregnancy-induced hypertension

198
Q

SAB

A

spontaneous abortion

199
Q

STD

A

sexually transmitted disease

200
Q

TAB

A

therapeutic abortion

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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