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Medical Terminology > Chapter 13- Urinary System > Flashcards

Chapter 13- Urinary System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

albumin/o

A

protein

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2
Q

bacteri/o

A

bacteria

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3
Q

cyst/o, vesic/o

A

bladder or sac

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4
Q

dips/o

A

thirst

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5
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

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6
Q

gluc/o, glucos/o, glyc/o

A

glucose (sugar)

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7
Q

ket/o, keton/o

A

ketone bodies

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8
Q

lith/o

A

stone

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9
Q

meat/o

A

meatus (opening)

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10
Q

nephr/o, ren/o

A

kidney

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11
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

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12
Q

py/o

A

pus

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13
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

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14
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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15
Q

ur/o, urin/o

A

urine

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16
Q

two structures located on each side of the lumbar region that filter blood and secrete impurities, forming urine

A

kidneys

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17
Q

outer part of the kidney

A

cortex

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18
Q

indented opening in the kidney where vessels enter and leave

A

hilum

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19
Q

inner part of the kidney

A

medulla

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20
Q

ducts that carry urine from the nephrons to the renal pelvis

A

calices or calyces

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21
Q

microscopic functional units of the kidney, comprised of kidney cells and capillaries, each of which is capable of forming urine

A

nephron

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22
Q

small ball shaped cluster of capillaries located at the top of each nephron

A

glomerulus

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23
Q

top part of the nephron that encloses the glomerulus

A

Bowman capsule

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24
Q

stem portion of the nephron

A

renal tubule

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25
Q

tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder

A

ureter

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26
Q

basin-like portion of the ureter within the kidney

A

renal pelvis

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27
Q

point of connection between the renal pelvis and the ureter

A

ureteropelvic junction

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28
Q

sac that holds the urine

A

urinary bladder

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29
Q

single canal that carries urine to the outside of the body

A

urethra

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30
Q

opening in the urethra to the outside of the body

A

urethral meatus

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31
Q

fluid produced by the kidneys, containing water and waste products

A

urine

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32
Q

waste product formed in the liver, filtered out of the blood by the kidneys, and excreted in urine

A

urea

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33
Q

waste product of muscle metabolism, filtered out of the blood by the kidneys, and excreted in urine

A

creatinine

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34
Q

presence of albumin in the urine, such as occurs in renal disease or in normal urine after heavy exercise

A

albuminuria, proteinuria

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35
Q

absence of urine formation

A

anuria

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36
Q

presence of bacteria in the urine

A

bacteriuria

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37
Q

painful urination

A

dysuria

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38
Q

involuntary discharge of urine, usually referring to a lack of bladder control

A

enuresis

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39
Q

bed-wetting during sleep

A

nocturnal enuresis

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40
Q

glucose (sugar) in the urine

A

glucosuria, glycosuria

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41
Q

presence of blood in the urine

A

hematuria

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42
Q

involuntary discharge of urine or feces

A

incontinence

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43
Q

involuntary discharge of urine with coughing, sneezing, and/or strained exercise

A

stress urinary incontinence (SUI)

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44
Q

presence of ketone bodies in the urine

A

ketonuria

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45
Q

acetone, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetoacetic acid

A

ketone bodies, ketone compounds

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46
Q

urination at night

A

nocturia

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47
Q

scanty production of urine

A

oliguria

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48
Q

condition of excessive urination

A

polyuria

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49
Q

presence of white cells in the urine, usually indicating infection

A

pyuria

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50
Q

retention of urine resulting from an inability to void naturally because of spasm or obstruction

A

urinary retention

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51
Q

inherited condition of multiple cysts that gradually form in the kidney, causing destruction of normal tissue that leads to renal failure

A

adult polycystic kidney disease (APKD)

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52
Q

form of nephritis involving the glomerulus

A

glomerulonephritis

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53
Q

pooling of urine in dilated areas of the renal pelvis and calices of one or both kidneys caused by an obstructed outflow of urine

A

hydronephrosis

54
Q

inflammation of the kidney

A

nephritis

55
Q

inflammation of the renal pelvis

A

pyelonephritis

56
Q

degenerative disease of the renal tubules

A

nephrosis

57
Q

presence of a renal stone or stones

A

nephrolithiasis

58
Q

inflammation if the blabber

A

cystitis

59
Q

inflammation of the urethra

A

urethritis

60
Q

inflammation of the urethra and bladder

A

urethrocystitis

61
Q

narrowed condition of the urethra

A

urethral stenosis

62
Q

invasion of pathogenic organisms in the urinary tract, especially the urethra and bladder

A

urinary tract infection (UTI)

63
Q

excess of urea and other nitrogenous waste in the blood caused by kidney failure

A

uremia, azotemia

64
Q

examination of the bladder using a rigid or flexible cystoscope

A

cystoscopy

65
Q

removal of kidney tissue for pathogenic examination

A

kidney biopsy (Bx) renal biopsy

66
Q

x-ray image of the urinary tract obtained after an iodine contrast medium has been injected into the bloodstream

A

intravenous pyelogram, intravenous urogram (IVU)

67
Q

abdominal x-ray image of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder

A

kidney, ureters, bladder (KUB)

68
Q

plain-film x-ray image obtained to detect any obvious pathology before further imaging

A

scout film

69
Q

x-ray image of the renal artery obtained after injecting contrast material into a catheter in the artery

A

renal angiogram, renal arteriogram

70
Q

x-ray image of the bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis obtained after the contrast medium has been injected up to the kidney by way of a small catheter passed through a cystoscope

A

retrograde pyelogram (RP), retrograde urogram

71
Q

x-ray image of the bladder and urethra obtained during urination

A

voiding cystourethrogram (VCG or VCUG)

72
Q

abdominal ultrasound image of the urinary tract, including the kidney and bladder

A

abdominal sonogram

73
Q

physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine

A

urinalysis (UA)

74
Q

measure of the concentration or dilution of urine

A

specific gravity (SpGr)

75
Q

measure of the acidity or alkalinity of urine

A

pH

76
Q

chemical test used to detect sugar in the urine

A

glucose

77
Q

chemical test used to detect the presence of albumin in the urine

A

albumin (alb), protein

78
Q

chemical test used to detect the presence of ketone bodies in the urine

A

ketones

79
Q

chemical test for the presence of hidden blood in the urine resulting from red blood cell hemolysis

A

urine occult blood

80
Q

chemical test used to detect bilirubin in the urine

A

urobilinogen

81
Q

chemical test to determine the presence of bacteria in the urine

A

nitrite

82
Q

microscopic identification if abnormal constituents in the urine

A

microscopic findings

83
Q

isolation of a urine specimen in a culture medium to propagate the growth of mirgoorganisms

A

urine culture and sensitivity (C&S)

84
Q

blood test to determine the level of urea in the blood

A

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

85
Q

test to determine the level of creatinine in the blood

A

creatinine, serum

86
Q

test to determine the level of creatinine in the urine

A

creatinine, urine

87
Q

measurements of the level of creatinine in the blood and in a 24-hour urine specimen to determine the rate at which creatinine is “cleared” from the blood by the kidneys

A

creatinine clearance testing

88
Q

use of specialized endoscopes within the urinary tract to perform various surgical procedures, such as resection of a tumor, repair of an obstruction, stone retrieval, placement of a stent, etc.

A

urologic endoscopic surgery

89
Q

urologic endoscope inserted through the urethra to resect lesions of the bladder, urethra, or prostate

A

resectoscope

90
Q

method of destroying stones within the urinary tract using discharges of electrical energy that are transmitted to a probe within a flexible endoscope

A

intracorpereal lithotripsy

91
Q

incision into the kidney

A

nephrotomy

92
Q

suture of an injured kidney

A

nephrorrhaphy

93
Q

incision into the kidney for the removal of stones

A

nephrolithotomy

94
Q

excision of a kidney

A

nephrectomy

95
Q

surgical reconstruction of the renal pelvis

A

pyeloplasty

96
Q

use of a device to hold open vessels or tubes

A

stent placement

97
Q

transfer of kidney from the body of one person to another

A

kidney transplantation, renal transplantation

98
Q

creation of a temporary or permanent diversion of the urinary tract to provide a new passage through which urine exits the body

A

urinary diversion

99
Q

removal of a portion of the ileum to use as a conduit to which the yreters are attached at one end

A

noncontinent ileal conduit

100
Q

an internal reservoir constructed from a segment of intestine that diverts urine through an opening that is brought through the abdominal wall

A

continent urostomy

101
Q

bladder constructed from portions of intestine connected to the urethra, allowing “natural” voiding

A

orthotopic bladder, neobladder

102
Q

procedure using ultrasound outside the body to bombard and disintegrate a stone within

A

extracorporeal shock wave lithotrophy (ESWL)

103
Q

methods of filtering impurities from the blood, replacing the function of one or both kidney lost in renal failure

A

kidney dialysis

104
Q

method of removing impurities by pumping the patients blood through a dialyzer

A

hemodialysis

105
Q

method of removing impurities using the peritoneum as the filter

A

peritoneal dialysis

106
Q

methods of placing a tube into the bladder to drain or collect urine

A

urinary catheterization

107
Q

a type of catheter that is inserted through the urethra into the bladder to relieve urinary retention or to collect a sterile specimen of urine for testing

A

straight catheter

108
Q

indwelling catheter inserted through the urethra and into the bladder that includes a collection system allowing urine to be drained into a bag

A

Foley catheter

109
Q

indwelling catheter inserted directly in the bladder through a abdominal insertion above the pubic bone that includes a collection system that allows urine to be drained into a bag

A

suprapubic catheter

110
Q

drug that relieves pain

A

analgesic

111
Q

drug that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms

A

antibiotic

112
Q

drug that relieves spasm

A

antispasmodic

113
Q

drug that increases the secretion of urine

A

diuretic

114
Q

alb

A

albumin

115
Q

APKD

A

adult polycystic kidney disease

116
Q

BUN

A

blood urea nitrogen

117
Q

Bx

A

biopsy

118
Q

C&S

A

culture and sensitivity

119
Q

ESWL

A

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

120
Q

hpf

A

high-power field

121
Q

IVP

A

intravenous pyelogram

122
Q

IVU

A

intravenous urogram

123
Q

KUB

A

kidneys, ureters, bladder

124
Q

lpf

A

low-power field

125
Q

RP

A

retrograde pyelogram

126
Q

SpGr

A

specific gravity

127
Q

SUI

A

stress urinary incontinence

128
Q

UA

A

urinalysis

129
Q

UTI

A

urinary tract infection

130
Q

VCU or VCUG

A

voiding cystourethrogram

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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