Chapter 13- Urinary System Flashcards
albumin/o
protein
bacteri/o
bacteria
cyst/o, vesic/o
bladder or sac
dips/o
thirst
glomerul/o
glomerulus
gluc/o, glucos/o, glyc/o
glucose (sugar)
ket/o, keton/o
ketone bodies
lith/o
stone
meat/o
meatus (opening)
nephr/o, ren/o
kidney
pyel/o
renal pelvis
py/o
pus
ureter/o
ureter
urethr/o
urethra
ur/o, urin/o
urine
two structures located on each side of the lumbar region that filter blood and secrete impurities, forming urine
kidneys
outer part of the kidney
cortex
indented opening in the kidney where vessels enter and leave
hilum
inner part of the kidney
medulla
ducts that carry urine from the nephrons to the renal pelvis
calices or calyces
microscopic functional units of the kidney, comprised of kidney cells and capillaries, each of which is capable of forming urine
nephron
small ball shaped cluster of capillaries located at the top of each nephron
glomerulus
top part of the nephron that encloses the glomerulus
Bowman capsule
stem portion of the nephron
renal tubule
tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder
ureter
basin-like portion of the ureter within the kidney
renal pelvis
point of connection between the renal pelvis and the ureter
ureteropelvic junction
sac that holds the urine
urinary bladder
single canal that carries urine to the outside of the body
urethra
opening in the urethra to the outside of the body
urethral meatus
fluid produced by the kidneys, containing water and waste products
urine
waste product formed in the liver, filtered out of the blood by the kidneys, and excreted in urine
urea
waste product of muscle metabolism, filtered out of the blood by the kidneys, and excreted in urine
creatinine
presence of albumin in the urine, such as occurs in renal disease or in normal urine after heavy exercise
albuminuria, proteinuria
absence of urine formation
anuria
presence of bacteria in the urine
bacteriuria
painful urination
dysuria
involuntary discharge of urine, usually referring to a lack of bladder control
enuresis
bed-wetting during sleep
nocturnal enuresis
glucose (sugar) in the urine
glucosuria, glycosuria
presence of blood in the urine
hematuria
involuntary discharge of urine or feces
incontinence
involuntary discharge of urine with coughing, sneezing, and/or strained exercise
stress urinary incontinence (SUI)
presence of ketone bodies in the urine
ketonuria
acetone, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetoacetic acid
ketone bodies, ketone compounds
urination at night
nocturia
scanty production of urine
oliguria
condition of excessive urination
polyuria
presence of white cells in the urine, usually indicating infection
pyuria
retention of urine resulting from an inability to void naturally because of spasm or obstruction
urinary retention
inherited condition of multiple cysts that gradually form in the kidney, causing destruction of normal tissue that leads to renal failure
adult polycystic kidney disease (APKD)
form of nephritis involving the glomerulus
glomerulonephritis
pooling of urine in dilated areas of the renal pelvis and calices of one or both kidneys caused by an obstructed outflow of urine
hydronephrosis
inflammation of the kidney
nephritis
inflammation of the renal pelvis
pyelonephritis
degenerative disease of the renal tubules
nephrosis
presence of a renal stone or stones
nephrolithiasis
inflammation if the blabber
cystitis
inflammation of the urethra
urethritis
inflammation of the urethra and bladder
urethrocystitis
narrowed condition of the urethra
urethral stenosis
invasion of pathogenic organisms in the urinary tract, especially the urethra and bladder
urinary tract infection (UTI)
excess of urea and other nitrogenous waste in the blood caused by kidney failure
uremia, azotemia
examination of the bladder using a rigid or flexible cystoscope
cystoscopy
removal of kidney tissue for pathogenic examination
kidney biopsy (Bx) renal biopsy
x-ray image of the urinary tract obtained after an iodine contrast medium has been injected into the bloodstream
intravenous pyelogram, intravenous urogram (IVU)
abdominal x-ray image of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder
kidney, ureters, bladder (KUB)
plain-film x-ray image obtained to detect any obvious pathology before further imaging
scout film
x-ray image of the renal artery obtained after injecting contrast material into a catheter in the artery
renal angiogram, renal arteriogram
x-ray image of the bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis obtained after the contrast medium has been injected up to the kidney by way of a small catheter passed through a cystoscope
retrograde pyelogram (RP), retrograde urogram
x-ray image of the bladder and urethra obtained during urination
voiding cystourethrogram (VCG or VCUG)
abdominal ultrasound image of the urinary tract, including the kidney and bladder
abdominal sonogram
physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine
urinalysis (UA)
measure of the concentration or dilution of urine
specific gravity (SpGr)
measure of the acidity or alkalinity of urine
pH
chemical test used to detect sugar in the urine
glucose
chemical test used to detect the presence of albumin in the urine
albumin (alb), protein
chemical test used to detect the presence of ketone bodies in the urine
ketones
chemical test for the presence of hidden blood in the urine resulting from red blood cell hemolysis
urine occult blood
chemical test used to detect bilirubin in the urine
urobilinogen
chemical test to determine the presence of bacteria in the urine
nitrite
microscopic identification if abnormal constituents in the urine
microscopic findings
isolation of a urine specimen in a culture medium to propagate the growth of mirgoorganisms
urine culture and sensitivity (C&S)
blood test to determine the level of urea in the blood
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
test to determine the level of creatinine in the blood
creatinine, serum
test to determine the level of creatinine in the urine
creatinine, urine
measurements of the level of creatinine in the blood and in a 24-hour urine specimen to determine the rate at which creatinine is “cleared” from the blood by the kidneys
creatinine clearance testing
use of specialized endoscopes within the urinary tract to perform various surgical procedures, such as resection of a tumor, repair of an obstruction, stone retrieval, placement of a stent, etc.
urologic endoscopic surgery
urologic endoscope inserted through the urethra to resect lesions of the bladder, urethra, or prostate
resectoscope
method of destroying stones within the urinary tract using discharges of electrical energy that are transmitted to a probe within a flexible endoscope
intracorpereal lithotripsy
incision into the kidney
nephrotomy
suture of an injured kidney
nephrorrhaphy
incision into the kidney for the removal of stones
nephrolithotomy
excision of a kidney
nephrectomy
surgical reconstruction of the renal pelvis
pyeloplasty
use of a device to hold open vessels or tubes
stent placement
transfer of kidney from the body of one person to another
kidney transplantation, renal transplantation
creation of a temporary or permanent diversion of the urinary tract to provide a new passage through which urine exits the body
urinary diversion
removal of a portion of the ileum to use as a conduit to which the yreters are attached at one end
noncontinent ileal conduit
an internal reservoir constructed from a segment of intestine that diverts urine through an opening that is brought through the abdominal wall
continent urostomy
bladder constructed from portions of intestine connected to the urethra, allowing “natural” voiding
orthotopic bladder, neobladder
procedure using ultrasound outside the body to bombard and disintegrate a stone within
extracorporeal shock wave lithotrophy (ESWL)
methods of filtering impurities from the blood, replacing the function of one or both kidney lost in renal failure
kidney dialysis
method of removing impurities by pumping the patients blood through a dialyzer
hemodialysis
method of removing impurities using the peritoneum as the filter
peritoneal dialysis
methods of placing a tube into the bladder to drain or collect urine
urinary catheterization
a type of catheter that is inserted through the urethra into the bladder to relieve urinary retention or to collect a sterile specimen of urine for testing
straight catheter
indwelling catheter inserted through the urethra and into the bladder that includes a collection system allowing urine to be drained into a bag
Foley catheter
indwelling catheter inserted directly in the bladder through a abdominal insertion above the pubic bone that includes a collection system that allows urine to be drained into a bag
suprapubic catheter
drug that relieves pain
analgesic
drug that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms
antibiotic
drug that relieves spasm
antispasmodic
drug that increases the secretion of urine
diuretic
alb
albumin
APKD
adult polycystic kidney disease
BUN
blood urea nitrogen
Bx
biopsy
C&S
culture and sensitivity
ESWL
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
hpf
high-power field
IVP
intravenous pyelogram
IVU
intravenous urogram
KUB
kidneys, ureters, bladder
lpf
low-power field
RP
retrograde pyelogram
SpGr
specific gravity
SUI
stress urinary incontinence
UA
urinalysis
UTI
urinary tract infection
VCU or VCUG
voiding cystourethrogram
