Chapter 8- Nervous System

Question 1

cerebr/o

Answer 1

cerebrum

Question 2

cerebell/o

Answer 2

cerebellum

Question 3

crani/o

Answer 3

skull

Question 4

encephal/o

Answer 4

entire brain

Question 5

esthesi/o

Answer 5

sensation

Question 6

gangli/o

Answer 6

ganglion

Question 7

gli/o

Answer 7

glue

Question 8

gnos/o

Answer 8

knowing

Question 9

kinesi/o

Answer 9

movement

Question 10

lex/o

Answer 10

word or phase

Question 11

mening/o, meningi/o

Answer 11

meninges

Question 12

myel/o

Answer 12

spinal cord

Question 13

narc/o

Answer 13

sleep

Question 14

neur/o

Answer 14

nerve

Question 15

phas/o

Answer 15

speech

Question 16

phob/o

Answer 16

exaggerated fear or sensitivity

Question 17

phor/o

Answer 17

carry

Question 18

phren/o

Answer 18

mind

Question 19

psych/o

Answer 19

mind

Question 20

thym/o

Answer 20

mind

Question 21

schiz/o

Answer 21

split

Question 22

somat/o

Answer 22

body

Question 23

somn/o

Answer 23

sleep

Question 24

somn/i

Answer 24

sleep

Question 25

hypn/o

Answer 25

sleep

Question 26

spin/o

Answer 26

spine (thorn)

Question 27

spondyl/o

Answer 27

vertebra

Question 28

vertebr/o

Answer 28

vertebra

Question 29

stere/o

Answer 29

three-dimential or solid

Question 30

tax/o

Answer 30

order or coordination

Question 31

thalam/o

Answer 31

thalamus

Question 32

ton/o

Answer 32

tone or tension

Question 33

top/o

Answer 33

place

Question 34

ventricul/o

Answer 34

ventricle

Question 35

cata-

Answer 35

down

Question 36

-asthenia

Answer 36

weakness

Question 37

-mania

Answer 37

condition of abnormal impulse toward

Question 38

-lepsy

Answer 38

seizure

Question 39

-paresis

Answer 39

slight paralysis

Question 40

-plegia

Answer 40

paralysis

Question 41

brain and spinal cord

Answer 41

central nervous system (CNS)

Question 42

portion of the central nervous system contained within the cranium

Answer 42

brain

Question 43

largest portion of the brain

Answer 43

cerebrum

Question 44

anterior section of each cerebral hemisphere

Answer 44

frontal lobe

Question 45

portion posterior to the frontal lobe

Answer 45

parietal lobe

Question 46

portion that lies below the frontal lobe

Answer 46

temporal lobe

Question 47

portion posterior to the parietal and temporal lobes

Answer 47

occipital lobe

Question 48

outer layer of the cerebrum consisting of gray matter

Answer 48

cerebral cortex

Question 49

each of two gray matter nuclei deep within the brain

Answer 49

thalamus

Question 50

convulsions of the cerebral hemispheres

Answer 50

gyri

Question 51

shallow grooves that seperate gyri

Answer 51

sulci

Question 52

deep grooves in the brain

Answer 52

fissures

Question 53

portion of the brain located below the occipital lobes of the cerebrum

Answer 53

cerebellum

Question 54

regions of the brain that serves as a relay between the cerebrum, cerebellum, and spinal cord

Answer 54

brainstem

Question 55

series of interconnected cavities within the cerebral hemispheres and brainstem filled with cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 55

ventricles

Question 56

plasma-like clear fluid circulating in and around the brain and spinal cord

Answer 56

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 57

column of nervous tissue from the brainstem through the vertebrae

Answer 57

spinal cord

Question 58

three membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord, consisting of the dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid mater

Answer 58

meninges

Question 59

nerves that branch from the central nervous system including nerves of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 59

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 60

12 pairs of nerves arising from the brain

Answer 60

cranial nerves

Question 61

31 pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord

Answer 61

spinal nerves

Question 62

nerves that conduct impulses from body parts and carry sensory information to the brain

Answer 62

sensory nerves

Question 63

nerves that conduct motor impulses from the brain to muscles and glands

Answer 63

motor nerves

Question 64

nerves that carry involuntary impulses to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and various glands

Answer 64

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Question 65

control center for the autonomic nervous system located below the thalamus

Answer 65

hypothalamus

Question 66

division of the autonomic nervous system that is concerned primarily with preparing the body in stressful of emergency situations

Answer 66

sympathetic nervous system

Question 67

division of the autonomic nervous system that is most active in ordinary conditions

Answer 67

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 68

impairment because of localized brain injury

Answer 68

aphasia, dysphasia

Question 69

a general term referring to levels of decreased consciousness with varying responsiveness

Answer 69

coma

Question 70

a state of mental confusion caused by disturbances in cerebral function

Answer 70

delirium

Question 71

an impairment of intellectual function characterized by memory loss, disorientation, and confusion

Answer 71

dementia

Question 72

loss or impairment of muscle function

Answer 72

motor deficit

Question 73

loss or impairment of sensation

Answer 73

sensory deficit

Question 74

pain along the course of a nerve

Answer 74

neuralgia

Question 75

temporary or permanent loss of motor control

Answer 75

paralysis

Question 76

defective or absent muscle control caused by a nerve lesion

Answer 76

flaccid paralysis

Question 77

stiff and awkward muscle control caused by a central nervous system disorder

Answer 77

spastic paralysis

Question 78

partial paralysis of the right or left half of the body

Answer 78

hemiparesis

Question 79

pain that follows the pathway of the sciatic nerve, caused by compression or trauma of the nerve or its roots

Answer 79

sciatica

Question 80

sudden, transient disturbances in brain function resulting from an abnormal firing of nerve impulses

Answer 80

seizure

Question 81

type of seizure that causes a series of sudden, involuntary contractions of muscles

Answer 81

convulsion

Question 82

fainting

Answer 82

syncope

Question 83

evoking a response by touching

Answer 83

tactile stimulation

Question 84

increased sensitivity to stimulation such as touch or pain

Answer 84

hyperesthesia

Question 85

abnormal sensation of numbness and tingling without objective cause

Answer 85

paresthesia

Question 86

and of many types of loss of neurologic function involving interpretation of sensory information

Answer 86

agnosia

Question 87

inability to judge the form of an object by touch

Answer 87

astereognosis

Question 88

inability to locate a sensation properly, such as an inability to located a point touched on the body

Answer 88

atopognosis

Question 89

disease of structural changes in the brain resulting in an irreversible deterioration that progress from forgetfulness and disorientation

Answer 89

Alzheimer disease

Question 90

condition of progressive deterioration of motor nerve cells resulting in total loss of voluntary muscle control

Answer 90

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Question 91

condition of motor disfunction caused by damage to the cerebrum during development or injury at birth

Answer 91

cerebral palsy (CP)

Question 92

disorder resulting from a change within one or more blood vessels of the brain

Answer 92

cerebrovascular disease

Question 93

hardening of the arteries of the brain

Answer 93

cerebral arteriosclerosis

Question 94

condition of lipid buildup within the blood vessels of the brain

Answer 94

cerebral atherosclerosis

Question 95

presence of a stationary clot in a blood vessel of the brain

Answer 95

cerebral thrombosis

Question 96

obstruction of a blood vessel in the brain by an embolus transported through the circulation

Answer 96

cerebral embolism

Question 97

damage to the brain caused by cerebrovascular disease, such as occlusion of a blood vessel by a thrombus or embolus or intracranial hemorrhage after rupture of an aneurysm

Answer 97

stroke

Question 98

brief episode of loss of blood flow to the brain, usually caused by a partial occlusion that results in temporary neurologic deficit

Answer 98

transient ischemic attack

Question 99

inflammation of the brain

Answer 99

encephalitis

Question 100

disorder affecting the central nervous system

Answer 100

epilepsy

Question 101

stiffening-jerking

Answer 101

tonic-clonic seizure

Question 102

seizure involving a brief loss of consciousness without motor involvement

Answer 102

absence seizure

Question 103

seizure involving only limited areas of the brain with localized symptoms

Answer 103

partial seizure

Question 104

tumor of glial cells graded according to degree of malignancy

Answer 104

glioma

Question 105

protrusion of a degenerated or fragmented intervetebral disk so that the nucleus pulposus protrudes, causing compression on the nerve root

Answer 105

herniated disk

Question 106

viral disease affecting the peripheral nerves, characterized by painful blisters that spread over the skin following the affected nerves, usually unilateral

Answer 106

herpes zoster

Question 107

hereditary disease of the central nervous system characterized by bizarre, involuntary body movements and progressive dementia

Answer 107

Huntington chorea, Huntington disease (HD)

Question 108

abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain as a result of developmental anomalies, infection, injury, or tumor

Answer 108

hydrocephalus

Question 109

benign tumor of the coverings of the brain

Answer 109

meningioma

Question 110

inflammation of the meninges

Answer 110

meningitis

Question 111

paroxysmal attacks of mostly unilateral headache, often accompanied by disordered vision, nausea, or vomiting, lasting hours or days and caused by dilation of arteries

Answer 111

migraine headache

Question 112

disease of the central nervous system characterized by the demyelination of nerve fibers with episodes of neurologic dysfunction followed by recovery

Answer 112

multiple sclerosis (MS)

Question 113

autoimmune disorder that affects the neuromuscular junction, causing a progressive decrease in muscle strength

Answer 113

myasthenia gravis

Question 114

inflammation of the spinal cord

Answer 114

myelitis

Question 115

sleep disorder characterized by a sudden uncontrollable need to sleep, attacks of paralysis, and dreams intruding while awake

Answer 115

narcolepsy

Question 116

congenital deformaties of the brain and spinal cord caused by incomplete development of the neural tube

Answer 116

neural tube defects

Question 117

defect in the closure of the cephalic portion of the neural tube

Answer 117

anencephaly

Question 118

defect in development of the spinal column characterized by the absence of vertebral arches, often resulting in pouching of the meninges

Answer 118

spina bifida

Question 119

condition of slowly progressive degeneration in an area of the brainstem resulting in a decrease of dopamine

Answer 119

Parkinson disease

Question 120

paralysis

Answer 120

plegia

Question 121

paralysis on one side of the body

Answer 121

hemiplegia

Question 122

paralysis from the waist down

Answer 122

paraplegia

Question 123

paralysis of all four limbs

Answer 123

quadriplegia

Question 124

inflammation of the gray mater of the spinal cord caused by a virus

Answer 124

poliomyelitis

Question 125

inflammation involving two or more nerves , often caused by a nutritional deficiency, such as lack of thiamine

Answer 125

polyneuritis

Question 126

periods of breathing cessation that occur during sleep, often causing snoring

Answer 126

sleep apnea

Question 127

agent that relieves pain

Answer 127

analgesic

Question 128

agent that prevents or lessens convulsion

Answer 128

anticonvulsant

Question 129

agent that induces sleep

Answer 129

hypnotic

Question 130

emotional feeling or mood

Answer 130

affect

Question 131

significantly dulled emotional tone or outward reaction

Answer 131

flat affect

Question 132

a lack interest or display of emotion

Answer 132

apathy

Question 133

a state of unresponsiveness to one’s environment, usually including muscle rigidity, staring, and inability to communicate

Answer 133

catatonia

Question 134

a persistent belief that has no basis in reality

Answer 134

delusion

Question 135

a person’s false belief that he or she possesses great wealth, intelligence, or power

Answer 135

grandiose delusion

Question 136

a person’s false belief that someone is plotting against him or her with the intent to harm

Answer 136

persecutory delusion

Question 137

a restless, dissatisfied mood

Answer 137

dysphoria

Question 138

an exaggerated, unfolding feeling of well-being

Answer 138

euphoria

Question 139

a false perception of the senses for which there is no reality

Answer 139

hallucination

Question 140

the formation of thoughts or ideas, such as suicidal ideation

Answer 140

ideation

Question 141

state of abnormal elation and increased activity

Answer 141

mania

Question 142

a psychologic condition in which anxiety is prominent

Answer 142

neurosis

Question 143

a mental condition characterized by distortion of reality resulting in the inability to communicate of function without one’s environment

Answer 143

psychosis

Question 144

thought that lacks clear processing or logical direction

Answer 144

thought disorder

Question 145

a disorder causing periodic disturbances in mood that affect concentration, sleep, activity, and social behavior

Answer 145

major depression, major depressive illness, clinical depression, major affective disorder, unipolar disorder

Question 146

a milder affective disorder characterized by chronic depression

Answer 146

dysthymia

Question 147

an affective disorder characterized by mood swings of mania and depression

Answer 147

manic depression, bipolar disorder (BD)

Question 148

an affective disorder marked by episodes of depression that most often occur during the fall and winter and that remit in the spring

Answer 148

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

Question 149

the most common anxiety disorder, patient does know where the anxiety is coming from

Answer 149

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

Question 150

a disorder of sudden, recurrent attacks of intense feelings including physical symptoms that mimic a heart attack

Answer 150

panic disorder

Question 151

exaggerated fear of a specific or circumstances that causes anxiety and panic

Answer 151

phobia

Question 152

a condition resulting from an extremely traumatic experience, injury, or illness that leaves the sufferer with persistent thoughts and memories of the ordeal

Answer 152

posttramatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Question 153

an anxiety disorder featuring unwanted, senseless obsessions accompanies by repeated compulsions

Answer 153

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Question 154

a preoccupation with thoughts of disease and concern that one is suffering from a serious condition that persists despite medical reassurance to the contrary

Answer 154

hypochondriasis

Question 155

a developmental disability, commonly appearing during the first three years of life, resulting from a neurologic disorder affecting the brain function

Answer 155

autism

Question 156

a developmental disability characterized by difficulty understanding written or spoken words

Answer 156

dyslexia

Question 157

a dysfunctional characterized by consistent hyperactivity, distractibility, and lack of control over impulses, which interferes with ability to function normally at school, home or work

Answer 157

attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Question 158

a condition of subaverage intelligence characterized by an IQ of 70 or less, resulting in the inability to adapt to normal social activities

Answer 158

mental retardation

Question 159

a severe disturbance in eating behavior caused by abnormal perceptions about one’s body weight

Answer 159

anorexia nervosa

Question 160

an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by efforts to limit digestion through induced vomiting

Answer 160

bulimia nervosa

Question 161

mental disorders resulting from abuse of substances such as drugs, alcohol, or other toxins causing personal and social dysfunction

Answer 161

substance abuse disorders

Question 162

a disease of brain chemistry causing a disordered cognitive and emotional perception of one’s environment

Answer 162

schizophrenia

Question 163

electrical shock applied to the brain to induce convulsions

Answer 163

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Question 164

use of specialized illuminating light boxes and visors to treat seasonal affective disorder

Answer 164

light therapy

Question 165

treatment of psychiatric disorders using verbal and nonverbal interaction with patterns, individually or in a group, employing specific actions and techniques

Answer 165

psychotherapy

Question 166

treatment to decrease or stop unwanted behavior

Answer 166

behavioral therapy

Question 167

treatment to change unwanted patterns of thinking

Answer 167

cognitive therapy

Question 168

medications used to treat mental illnesses

Answer 168

psychotrophic drugs

Question 169

drugs used to reduce anxiety

Answer 169

antianxiety agents

Question 170

agent tht counteracts depression

Answer 170

antidepressant

Question 171

drug used to treat psychosis, especially schizophrenia

Answer 171

neuroleptic agents

Question 172

agent that has a calming effect and quiets nervousness

Answer 172

sedative

Question 173

ALS

Answer 173

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Question 174

ADHD

Answer 174

attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder

Question 175

ANS

Answer 175

autonomic nervous system

Question 176

BD

Answer 176

bipolar disorder

Question 177

CNS

Answer 177

central nervous system

Question 178

CP

Answer 178

cerebral palsy

Question 179

CSF

Answer 179

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 180

CT

Answer 180

computed tomography

Question 181

CVA

Answer 181

cerebrovascular accident

Question 182

DTR

Answer 182

deep tendon reflexes

Question 183

ECT

Answer 183

electroconvulsive therapy

Question 184

EEG

Answer 184

electroencephalogram

Question 185

GAD

Answer 185

generalized anxiety disorder

Question 186

HD

Answer 186

huntington disease

Question 187

LP

Answer 187

lumbar puncture

Question 188

MRA

Answer 188

magnetic resonance angiogram

Question 189

MRI

Answer 189

magnetic resonance imaging

Question 190

MS

Answer 190

multiple sclerosis

Question 191

NCV

Answer 191

nerve conduction velocity

Question 192

OCD

Answer 192

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 193

PET

Answer 193

positron-emission tomography

Question 194

PNS

Answer 194

peripheral nervous disorder

Question 195

PSG

Answer 195

polysomnography

Question 196

PTSD

Answer 196

posttraumatic stress disorder

Question 197

SAD

Answer 197

seasonal affective disorder

Question 198

SPECT

Answer 198

single-photon emission computed tomography

Question 199

TIA

Answer 199

transient ischemic attack