Chapter Eight | Project Quality Management Flashcards
What does COQ stand for
What does it mean?
Cost of quality
All costs incurred over the life of the product by investment in
Preventing non-conformance to requirements
Appraisal of the product or services to conformance to requirements
Failure to meet requirements
This technique helps ensure that the product is not spending too much to assure quality
What does CMMI stand for
Capability maturity model intergrated
What does DfXstand for
Design for X
What does DIRFT stand for
Do it right the first time
What does ISO stand for
International organization for standardization
What does JIT stand for
Just in time
For the test think zero inventory.
A company using JIT must have high quality due to limited inventory and raw materials to meet production requirements.
Inventory is not available for defect repair or replacement
What does JUSE stand for
Japanese union scientists and engineers
What does OPM three stand for
Organizational project management maturity model
What does PDCA stand for And what does each phase mean?
Plan do check act
Plan. Recognize an opportunity and plan a change
Do. Test the change, carry out a small scale study
Check. Use what you learned to plan new improvements, begin the cycle again
Act. Take action based on what you’ve learned. If you were successful, incorporate what you’ve learned from the test to water changes
What does PDPC stand for
Process decision program charts
What does RCA stand for
Root cause analysis
What does S. M. A. R. T. Stand for
Specific. Specifically what will you do and how
Measurable. Using a method for precise measurement
Assignable. Clearly define who is responsible
Realistic. Being able to visualize the plan and results
Time bound. Having a timeline to reach your goal
What does SIPOC stand for
Suppliers Inputs Process Outputs Customers
What does SPC stand for
Statistical process control
What does TQM stand for
Total quality management
What is project quality management?
The process of incorporating the organizations quality policy regarding PLANNING
MANAGING
CONTROLLING
project and product quality requirements in order to meet stakeholders expectations
What does manage quality mean
The process of translating the quality management plan into executable quality activities that incorporate the organizations quality policies into the project
Auditing
We have good processes and follow good processes.
What does Control quality mean
The process of monitoring and recording the results of executing the quality management activities and assess performance and ensures the project outcomes are complete, correct, and meet customer expectations
Make sure what we are doing is correct before showing it to customers
Note
Quality in PMI has received ISO Accreditation
.
What is the definition for quality
The degree to which a set of characteristics or “the project” fulfills requirements
What are two types of quality?
What do they mean
Conformance to requirements
The project must produce what it said it would produce
Fit for use
The product must satisfy real needs
What does grade mean?
Grade is a category assigned to deliverables having the same functional use but different technical characteristics.
What does grade deal with?
The characteristics of the product
Note
Steak, there a different grades, prime, choice, select. They are all steaks, all have the same use but they have different characteristics.
What does quality deal with?
The stability or predictability of the product
Note The quality of the steak would mean every time you ask for choice you will get the same characteristics.
Statistical process control (SPC)
What does prevention do?
Keeping errors out of the process
Statistical process control (SPC)
What does inspection do?
Keeping errors out of the hands of the customer
Statistical process control (SPC)
What does attribute sampling do?
The results either conforms or does not conform
Example yes or no, pass or fail
Statistical process control (SPC)
What does variables sampling do?
The result is rated on a continuous scale that measures a degree of conformity
Example weight, size
Statistical process control (SPC)
What is tolerance?
Specified range of acceptable results
Statistical process control (SPC)
What are control limits?
The boundaries of common variation in a statistical stable process
What type of quality management does agile/adaptive environment use?
Requires frequent quality and reduce steps during the project rather than near the end of the project
Retrospective review
Verify the quality processes are effective
Look for the root cause of issues or defects
Identify new ways to improve quality
Who are the three pioneers of quality
W Edwards Deming
Joseph M Juan
Philip Crosby
W Edwards Deming
Four things to remember
Total quality management (TQM)
14 points of total quality management
Kaizen(improve), small continuous improvements
(PDCA) Plan do check act cycle to improve quality
(Statistical)
Joseph Judah
Three things to remember
80/20 principle, Pareto’s principle
Advocate to top management involvement
Define quality as fitness for use
(Management)
Philip Crosby
Four things to remember
COQ. Cost of poor quality
Prevention over inspection
Zero defects or do it right the first time
Quality is conformance to requirements
(Businessman)
Note. Quality summary
Quality management plan is needed for every project
The PM proactively spends time to improve quality
The PM must evaluate change request to determine the impact on quality to both the project and product throughout its lifecycle
The project manager coordinates with the quality departments and all quality activities
Quality metrics must be defined during planning before work starts in direct and manage project work
Team process suggestions should be included in the quality report
The PM must ensure all procedures and processes are approved and followed by the team
.
Quality summary responsibilities
What are the responsibilities for….
PM, team, executive management
PM is responsible for project quality
Team is responsible for quality on any activities or deliverables
executive management is responsible for organizational quality
8.1
What is planned quality management Definition
The process of identifying quality requirements and or standards for the project and it’s deliverables and documenting how the project will demonstrate compliance with quality requirements and our standards
No variances from the project requirements
describes HOW to meet the customers quality standards
8.1 The Project management teams determined the property at levels of accuracy and precision for use in the quality management plan
What is the definition for ACCURACY and PRECISION
Accuracy. Assessment of correctness
CORRECT
Precision. Measure of exactness
CONSISTANT
8.1 output
What is the quality management plan?
Quality management plan is a component of the project or program management plan that describes how acceptable policies, procedures, and guidance will be implemented to achieve the quality objectives.
8.1 outputs
What does the quality metrics do?
Formally describes the product or project attributes
What to measure
How to measure it
The measurement is an actual value
8.2 What is managed quality
The process of translating the quality management plan into executable quality activities that incorporate the organizations quality policies into the project
(Lee) Translate the plan into a executable activities. I am auditing the process to be sure the processes are correct and being followed. Nothing wrong with the process and people following it.
8.2 What are the key benefits to managing quality
Increase his probability of meeting the quality objectives and identifying in adequate processes and cause a poor quality
8.2 Manage quality
What is quality assurance
Quality assurance is about using project processes efficiently, following and meeting standards to ensure the final product will meet stakeholder, needs, expectations and requirements
Lee- Always about looking at the results of the work and asking do corrections need to be made?
8.2 Manage quality
What does manage quality mean
Manage quality includes all the quality assurance activities and is also concerned with the product design aspects and process improvements.
Lee- Think about the design and approach. Can we do it better?
8.2 Manager Quality | T&T
What are the seven basic quality tools?
Flowcharts
Check sheets
Cause-and-effect diagrams
Control charts
Histograms
Pareto charts
Scatter diagrams
8.2 Manager Quality | T&T
What is flow chart also referred to as? What does a flow chart show?
A flow chart is also referred to as a process map.
A flow chart shows the activities, decision points, branch in Woops, parallel paths, and the overall order of the process
8.2 Manager Quality | T&T
What are check sheets also known as and what do they do?
Check sheets are also known as tally sheets.
They are used to organize facts in a manner that will be effective in the collection of useful data about a potential quality problem
8.2 Manager Quality | T&T
What are cause-and-effect diagrams also known as what do they do?
Cause-and-effect diagrams are also known as fishbone diagrams Ishikawa diagrams.
The project manager investigates back to the root cause (a.k.a. assignable cause) of the variation
8.2 Manager Quality | T&T
What are control charts: basic used for?
To determine if the process is stable and predictable.
Monitor processes to ensure that resulting production piece parts are within acceptable limits, or to determine if any action is required.
Monitor project performance (cost and schedule variances)
Measure quality control
8.2 Manager Quality | T&T
Who defines specification limits? Who defines control limit?
The customer to find specification limits.
The PM team specifies the control limit
8.2 Manager Quality | T&T
Histograms NEVER have _______ as a variable?
Time
8.2 Manager Quality | T&T
Note. Pareto diagrams will be organized into categories that measure their frequency or consequences. Highest frequency to left of chart
(Customer complaints, example)
.
8.2 Manager Quality | T&T
What does a scatter diagram track?
Scatter diagram tracks two variables (X, Y) to see if they are correlated. Correlation chart depicts the best straight line through the data points.
8.2 Manager Quality | T&T
Audits. What is an audit?
An audit is a structure, independent process to determine if project activities comply with organizational and project policies, processes, and procedures. Ensures the use of appropriate quality standards and operational definitions.
8.2 Manager Quality | T&T
What are the five quality audit objectives?
Identify all good and best practices.
Identify all non-conformity, gaps, and shortcomings.
Share good practices from similar projects,.
Proactively offer to help improve the implementation of processes.
Highlight contributions of audits in the lessons learned repository.
Note: They may be scheduled or at random. They may be conducted internal or external.
8.2 Manager Quality | T&T
What does it mean to design for X (DfX)?
A set of technical guidelines applied during the design of a product to optimize a specific aspect of the design. Improves or controls the final characteristics
Lee note- Examples easy to assemble and disassemble, long-term reliability.
8.2 Manager Quality | T&T
What are two most common methods for quality improvement?
Plan do check act.
Six sigma
8.3 Control Quality
What is the Key benefits of control quality?
Identifies the causes of poor processes, or product quality.
Verifies the deliverables are correct to the requirements for project final acceptance.
8.3 Control Quality
What does control quality measure?
To measure the completeness, compliance, and fitness for use of a product service prior to user acceptance and final delivery
8.3 Control Quality | T&T
Data gathering. Check list. What should be incorporated?
Should incorporate the acceptance criteria from the scope baseline.
8.3 Control Quality | outputs
What are two outputs?
Quality Control measurements (QCM)
Verified deliverables.
Quality Terms
What is marginal analysis?
The point where quality improvement benefits or revenue equal the incremental cost to achieve equality.
Notes- Maximum quality with the maximum benefits/return.
Statistical terms
What is mutual exclusivity mean?
Two events are said to be mutually exclusive if they cannot both occur in the single trial.
Flipping a coin. You either get heads or tails.
Statistical terms
What is statistical independence?
The probability of one event occurring does not affect the probability of another event occurring.
Every time you roll the dice you have a one and six chance to roll a six.
Statistical terms
What does probability mean?
The likelihood of some thing occurring. Usually expressed as a decimal or fraction between zero and one, on a scale of 0% to 100%.
