Chapter 9 Section 3 Flashcards
Autism is almost always apparent before the age of _______ and stoically does not increase in severity after that age.
3
Three symptoms are considered to be the core symptoms of autism because they are displayed in most cases.
(1) a reduced ability to interpret the emotions and intentions of others.
(2) a reduced capacity for social interaction and communication.
(3) a preoccupation with a single subject or activity.
______ of those with autism are male, ______ suffer from mental retardation.
80%,
50%.
Savants are:
Intellectually handicapped individuals who nevertheless display amazing and specific cognitive or artistic abilities.
Savant abilities do not appear to develop through ________; they seem to emerge ________.
Learning or practice,
Spontaneously.
Siblings of people with autism have about a ______ chance of being diagnosed with the disorder.
5%
Findings suggest that autism is triggered by several _______ interacting with the _______.
Genes,
Environment.
Autism is _______ in the sense that afflicted individuals may be severely impaired in some respects but may be _______ or even superior, in others.
Heterogeneous,
Normal.
Research has show that the ________ of autistic patients displays ______ fMRI activity in response to the presentation of faces.
Fusiform face area,
Less.
It is hypothesized that children with autism might be deficient in ________ function.
Mirror neuron
_________, like autism, is a neurodevelopment disorder associated with mental retardation and a heterogeneous pattern of abilities and disabilities. However, in contrast to the withdrawn, emotionally insensitive, uncommunicative individuals who have autism, people with ________ syndrome are _________, empathetic and _________.
Williams syndrome,
Williams,
Sociable,
Talkative.
Those with Williams syndrome tend to have these strengths and weaknesses:
Strengths- language skills are remarkable considering their low IQs, which average around 60. Facial recognition. Often have perfect pitch, respond to music.
Weaknesses- serious cognitive deficits. Severe attentional problems. Terrible special abilities. Have difficulty remembering the locations of a few blocks placed on a test board, their space related speech is poor, and their ability to draw objects is almost nonexistent.
Also a variety of health problems, including several involving the heart.
Remarkably, scientists found that the gene on one of the two copies of chromosome _____ was absent in ______ of the individuals with _______.
7,
95%,
Williams syndrome.
People with Williams syndrome show a general ______ of the ______ and underlying ______. The cortical thinning is greatest in two areas: at the boundary of _______ and _______ and in the _______ (the inferior area of frontal cortex near the orbits, or eye sockets).
Thinning, Cortex, White matter. Parietal, Occipital cortex, Orbitofrontal cortex.
Lack of development at the boundary of parietal and occipital cortex, and in the orbitofrontal cortex, may be related to two of the major symptoms of Williams syndrome:
Profound impairment of spatial cognition and remarkable hyper sociability, respectively.
