Chapter 10 - Brain Damage Flashcards
Another name for tumor
Neoplasm (literally, “new growth”).
Tumor or neoplasm
A mass of cells that grows independently of the rest of the body.
About 20% of tumors found in the human brain are _________ (type of tumor).
Meningiomas
Meningioma
Tumors that grow between the meninges.
All meningiomas are ______ tumors.
Encapsulated
Encapsulated tumor
A tumor that grows within its own membrane.
Particularly easy to identify on a CT scan, and can influence the function of the brain only by the pressure they exert on surrounding tissue.
They are almost always benign tumors.
Benign tumor
A tumor that is surgically removable with little risk of further growth in the body.
Infiltrating tumors
Tumors that grow diffusely through surrounding tissue. As a result, they are usually malignant tumors.
Malignant tumors
Tumors that are difficult to remove or destroy completely, and any cancerous tissue that remains after surgery continues to grow.
Gliomas
Brain tumors that develop from glial cells.
Are infiltrating, rapidly growing, and common.
About ______% of tumors do not originate in the brain, but are grown from infiltrating cells that are carried to the brain by the bloodstream from some other part of the body.
10
Tumors that originate in one part of the body but spread to another are called _______ tumors.
Metastatic
Many metastatic brain tumors originate as cancers of the _____.
Lungs
Stroke
Sudden onset cerebrovascular disorder that causes brain damage. In the United States it is the third leading cause of death, the major cause of neurological dysfunction, and the most common cause of adult disability.
The layer of dead or dying tissue produced by a stroke is called a/n _____.
Infarct
Surrounding the infarct is a dysfunctional area called the ________.
Penumbra.
The tissue in the penumbra may recover or die in the ensuing days. The primary goal of treatment following stroke is to save the penumbra.
There are two major types of strokes:
Those resulting from cerebral hemorrhage
And
Those resulting from cerebral ischemia.
Cerebral hemorrhage
Occurs when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures and blood seeps into the surrounding neural tissue and damages it.
Cerebral ischemia
A disruption of the blood supply to an area of the brain.
Three major causes of cerebral ischemia:
Thrombosis, embolism, and arteriosclerosis.
Contusion
Closed-head injuries that involve damage to the cerebral circulatory system. Produces internal hemorrhaging, which results in a hematoma.
Hematoma
A localized collection of clotted blood in an organ or tissue. A bruise.
Contusions frequently occur on the side of the brain ______ to the side struck by a blow.
Opposite
Contrecoup injuries
Contusions that occur on the side of the brain opposite to the side of a blow.