Chapter 8 Help Pg. 189-199

Question 1

The sensorimotor system is a parallel hierarchical system; that is, it is a hierarchical system in which signals flow between levels over multiple paths. The structure enables the ______ to exert control over the lower levels of the hierarchy in more than one way. For example, the ______ can directly inhibit an eye blink reflex that allows the insertion of a contact lens.

Answer 1

Association cortex,

Association cortex.

Question 2

The sensorimotor hierarchies are characterized by _________. That is, each level of the sensorimotor hierarchy tends to be composed of different units (neural structures or departments), each of which performs a different function.

Answer 2

Functional segregation.

Question 3

The main difference between the sensory systems and the sensorimotor system is the primary _______. In sensory systems, information mainly flows _____ through the hierarchy; in the sensorimotor system, information mainly flows ______.

Answer 3

Direction of information,
Up,
Down.

Question 4

The eyes, the organs of balance, and the receptors of the skin, muscles, and joints all monitor the body’s responses, and they feed their information back into ________. In most instances, this _______ plays an important role in directing the continuation of the responses that produce it.

Answer 4

Sensorimotor circuits,

Sensory feedback.

Question 5

The only responses that are not normally influenced by sensory feedback are ________ –brief, all-or-none, high speed movements, such as swatting a fly.

Answer 5

Ballistic movements.

Question 6

________ cortex is at the top of your sensorimotor hierarchy. There are two major areas of sensorimotor association cortex: the ________ and the ________.

Answer 6

Association,
Post parietal association cortex,
Dorsolateral prefrontal association cortex.

Question 7

Before an effective movement can be initiated, certain information is required. The nervous system must know the original ________ that are to be moved, and it must know the positions of _________ with which the body is going to interact. The _________ plays an important role in integrating these two kinds of information, in directing behavior by providing spatial information, and in directing attention.

Answer 7

Positions of the parts of the body,
Any external objects,
Posterior parietal association cortex.

Question 8

______ and ______ are the two most striking consequences of posterior parietal cortex damage.

Answer 8

Apraxia,

Contralateral neglect.