Chapter 11 - Memory Flashcards
Memory
A change in behavior that results from previous experience.
Short term memory
What you’re working with right now.
If you’re distracted, it’s gone.
Long term memory
Result of past experience.
Withstands distraction.
Lobotomy
An operation in which a lobe, or a major part of one, is separated from the rest of the brain by a large cut but is not removed.
Lobectomy
An operation in which a lobe, or a major part of one, is removed from the brain.
Retrograde amnesia
Loss of memory for events or information learned before the amnesia-inducing brain injury.
Anterograde amnesia
Loss of memory for events occurring after the amnesia-inducing brain injury.
Global amnesia
Amnesia for information presented in all sensory modalities.
Mnemonic
Memory related
Remote memory
Memory for events of the distant past.
Memory consolidation
The translation of short-term memories into long-term memories.
H.M.’s specific problem appeared to be a difficulty in ________.
Memory consolidation.
Explicit memories
Conscious long-term memories.
AKA declarative memories.
Implicit memories
Long-term memories demonstrated by improved test performance without conscious awareness.
Neuropsychological patients with a profile of mnemonic deficits similar to those of H.M., with preserved intellectual functioning, and with evidence of medial temporal lobe damage are said to suffer from __________.
Medial temporal lobe amnesia.
Repetition priming tests
Tests that assess implicit memory.
Explicit long-term memories come in two varieties:
- Semantic
- Episodic
Semantic memories
Explicit memories for general facts or information.
Episodic memories
Explicit memories for particular events (i.e., episodes) of one’s life.
People with medial temporal lobe amnesia have particular difficulty with ________.
Episodic memories.
Patients who have experienced global cerebral ischemia– that is, have experienced an interruption of blood supply to their entire brains– often suffer from ________.
Medial temporal lobe amnesia.
Transient global amnesia
Defined by its sudden onset in the absence of any obvious cause in otherwise normal adults. As in other cases of medial temporal amnesia, there is severe anterograde amnesia and moderate retrograde amnesia for explicit episodic memories.
However, for transient global amnesia, the amnesia is transient, typically lasting only between 4 to 6 hours.
Many hippocampal neurons are _____ cells.
Place
Place cells
Neurons that respond only when a subject is in specific locations.
Entorhinal cortex
An area of the medial temporal cortex that is a major source of neural signals to the hippocampus.
Amygdala
Thought to play a special role in memory for the emotional significance of experiences. Fear learning.
Patients with prefrontal cortex damage often have difficulty performing tasks that involve a series of responses. This is because they often show deficits in ________ and the temporal _______ of events.
working memory,
order