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Psychopathology > Chapter 9: Physical Disorders and Health Psychology > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Physical Disorders and Health Psychology Flashcards

0
Q

General Adaptation Syndrome? Selye

  • alarm
  • resistance
  • exhaustion
A
  • response to immediate danger
  • mobilize various coping mech to respond to stress
  • bodies suffer permanent damage or death..if stress lasts too long or is too intense
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1
Q

What is Health Psychology?

A
  • subfield of behavioural
  • study psychological factors that are important in the promotion and maintenance of health
  • psychological and social factors
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2
Q

Behavioural medicine?

A

-knowledge derived from behavioural science is applied to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of medical problems

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3
Q

Stress activates the SNS doing what?

A

-causing mobilization of resources in times of threat or danger by activating internal organs to prepare the body for immediate action FOF.

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4
Q

When stress occurs the endocrine system?

A

increases in activity….. HPA AXIS

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5
Q

Neuropeptides?

A
  • hormones affecting the NS that are secreted right into the BS
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6
Q

Corticotropin Releasing factor?
secreted via ?
stimulates?
releases?

A
  • secreted by the hypothalamus and stimulates the pituitary gland
  • pituitary gland activates the adrenal gland which secretes cortisol…the stress hormone.
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7
Q

What area of the brain is very responsive to cortisol?

A

hippocampus ….when stimulated by cortisol during the HPA axis it turns off the stress response…

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8
Q

Increased cortisol can do what?

A

cause death of nerve cells in the hippocampus

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9
Q

If cortisol is produced chronically it can cause…4

A
  • muscles atrophy, fertility is affected via declining testosterone, hypertension in cardio, immune system impairment.
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10
Q

Benefits of predictability and controllability in relation to stress?

A

-control of social situations and the ability to cope with any tension helps blunting long term effects of stress.

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11
Q

What three psychological factors are closely related ?

A
  • stress, anxiety and depression
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12
Q

What four things are on a continuum?

A

depression, anxiety, stress and excitement

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13
Q

Differentiated between what response to threats and challenges on the continuum depend on your?

A
  • sense of control at the moment….coping
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14
Q

Excitement?

A

-rapid heartbeat, sudden burst of energy or jumpy stomach……well prepared

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15
Q

Stress symptoms?

A
  • too much pressure, tense, irritable or develop a headache or upset stomach.
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16
Q

Anxiety?

A
  • threatening you, you can do little about it…
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17
Q

Depression?

A

ppl who perceive life as threatening always and lose hope about every having control

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18
Q

What can lower the immune system?

A
  • sense of uncontrollability, depression, poor self care, tendency to engage in risky behaviour
  • chronic stress
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19
Q

Antigens?

A

-foreign materials

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20
Q

Two parts of the Immune system?

A
  • Humoral and cellular
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21
Q

Leukocytes?

A
  • surround antigens and destroy them
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22
Q

Lymphocytes

A

B cells and T cells

signalled via leukocytes

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23
Q

B cells?

A

humoral

-releases molecules that seek out antigens and neutralize them…

24
Q

Memory B cells

A
  • created so the next time the antigen that the B cell neut the immune system will react faster.
25
Q

T cells?

A
  • cellular
  • don’t produce antibodies
  • directly destroy viruses and cancerous cells
26
Q

Memory T cells ?

A

created to increase speed

27
Q

Helper T cells?

A
  • enhance immune system response via signalling B cells to produce antibodies and telling Killer t to destroy the antigen.
28
Q

Suppressor T cells ?

A

suppress the productions of antibodies

twice as many helper T cells as suppressor T cells

29
Q

Autoimmune disease?

ex: rheumatoid arthritis

A
  • too many helper T cells and attack normal cells
30
Q

HIV - Human immunodeficiency virus ?

A
  • too many suppressor T cells…..it attacks helper T cells
31
Q

Psychoneuroimmunology?

ex: rats drinking sugar water that suppresses the immune system

A
  • study of psychological influence on neurological responding of immune system
  • rats that were give sugar water without the drug acting as though they were by learning from those that did
32
Q

AIDS related complex?

A
  • weight loss, fever, night sweats..minor health probs
33
Q

Highly Active Antiretroviral therapy

A

suppresses the virus in those infected..even advanced cases

34
Q

Cognitive Behavioural Stress management (CBSM)

A

may have positive effects on the immune system of individuals who are already symptomatic

35
Q

Psycho-oncology

A

-psychosocial factors influencing cancer

36
Q

Mindfulness -based Stress reduction interventions ?

A

better health habits, closer adherence to medical treatment and improved endocrine functioning and response to stress

37
Q

Enhanced social adjustment and coping?

A

-problem solving reduced cancer related distress …..

38
Q

Cerebral Vascular Accidents ?

A
  • temporary blockages of blood vessels leading to the brain or a rupture of a blood vessel in the brain…
39
Q

Hypertension?

A
  • high blood pressure…..major risk for heart disease
  • increases when blood vessels constrict, forcing more blood to muscles in central parts of the body thus the heart has to work harder.
40
Q

Essential Hypertension?

A
  • no direct cause
41
Q

Coronary Heart Disease?

A

-blockage of arteries supplying blood to heart…

42
Q

Angia pectoris?

A

-partial obstruction of the arteries

43
Q

Atherosclerosis

A
  • fatty subst or plaque builds up inside arteries
44
Q

Ischemia?

A
  • deficiency of blood to a body party via narrowing of arteries via plaque
45
Q

Myocardial Infraction?

A

-death of heart tissue via specific artery becomes completely clogged.

46
Q

Type A Behavioural pattern?

A

-excessive competitive drive, a sense of always being pressured for time, impatience, incredible amounts of energy that shows up in accelerated speech and motor activity and angry outbursts.

47
Q

Type B Behaviour Pattern?

A

-relaxed, less concerned about deadlines, and seldom feels the pressure or perhaps the excitements of challenges or overriding ambition.

48
Q

Acute pain?

A
  • follows an injury and disappears once the injury heals or is effectively treated often within a month
49
Q

chronic pain?

A
  • begin acute but does not decease over time…even after healing of the injury
  • muscle, joints, tendons, lower back
50
Q

Pain catastrophizing ?
rumination
magnification
helplessness

A

exaggerated negative response brought to bear during actual or anticipated painful experience

  • obsessing
  • worry
  • nothing I can do
51
Q

Gate control theory?

A
  • dorsal horns of the spinal column = gate

- positive emotions can close this gate

52
Q

Endogenous?

A
  • opioids naturally in the body

- shut down pain

53
Q

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ?

A
  • lack of energy, marked fatigue and a variety of aches and pains
54
Q

Biofeedback ?

A

-making patients aware of specific physiological function that ordinarily they would not notice show them they can control these….

55
Q

Relaxation ?2

A

-progressive muscle relaxation?
L> aware of muscle tension and work to counteract it
- Relaxation response
L> silently repeat mantra to minimize distraction…closing mind to intruding thoughts

56
Q

Comprehensive Stress Reduction and Pain reduction program 4

A
  • monitor their stress
  • note somatic symptoms and thoughts when stressed
  • taught deep muscle relaxation
  • cognitive therapy to reevaluate appropriate appraisals and attitudes
57
Q

Drugs and Stress reduction?

A
  • lessens efficacy of comprehensive programa

Psychopathology (19 decks)

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