Chapter 1: Abnormality In Historical Context (lecture)

Question 0

Define Deviance.

Answer 0

Different, extreme, unusual…. Going against norms?
Going against behaviours, thoughts and emotions considered normal (norms)
Also from social norms: stated and unstated rules for proper conduct which is culture specific.

Question 1

What are the four D’s of abnormality?

Answer 1

Deviance, Distress, Dysfunction, and Danger.
***The more of these a person possesses and the strength at which they exhibit increases their chance of having an abnormality.

Question 2

Define Distress.

Answer 2

Unpleasant and upsetting. Aka subjective feelings towards the stressor.
Behaviour that is personally distressing !

Question 3

Define Dysfunction.

Answer 3

Causes interferences with life. ( aka day to day living is hindered ) when it’s not controlled..

Question 4

Define Danger.

Answer 4

Poses risk of harm to themselves or others.
careless, hostile or confused.
exception not a rule.

Question 5

What does Szasz argue that influence of culture has done to the concept of mental illness to make it invalid? (2)

Answer 5

Deviations called “abnormality” are only problems of living.

Societies use the concept of mental illness to control those who threaten social order.

Question 6

Eccentric?

Answer 6

a person who deviates from common behaviour patterns or displays odd or whimsical behaviour. They are however aware of being different and embrace it. (its not dysfunctional or distressing to them).

Question 7

Define Treatment.

Answer 7

a procedure to change abnormal behaviour into more normal behaviour. There are various kinds.

Question 8

What are the three essentials of therapy?

Answer 8

1. A sufferer who seeks relief from healer.
2. A trained healer whose expertise is accepted by the sufferer and his or her social group.
3. A series of contacts between the healer and the sufferer, through which the healer tries to produce certain changes in the sufferer’s emotional state, attitudes and behaviour.

Question 9

list of the 6 characteristics of Normality.

Answer 9

1. Efficient perception of reality.
2. self-knowledge.
3. an ability to exercise voluntary control over behaviour.
4. self esteem and acceptance.
5. an ability to form affectionate relationships.
6. productivity.

Question 10

The Somatogenic Perspective? ( late 1800’s after moral movement)

Answer 10

Abnormal functioning has physical causes.
Emil Kraepelin’s textbook argued that physical ailments led to mental dysfunction. Also several bio discoveries were made like syphilis’s connection to general paresis.

Question 11

Psychogenic Perspective?

Answer 11

Abnormal functioning has psychological causes.

Primarily applied to those that did not require hospitalization.

Question 12

Who was involved with the rise of popularity with the psychogenic perspective? (2)

Answer 12

Fredrich Mesmer: hysterical disorders (hypnotism)

Sigmund Freud: father of psychoanalysis (unconscious processes cause abnormality) *** hypnotism.

Question 13

About 43% of people believe mental illness is brought on by?
Also, 35% believe mental illness is brought on by?

Answer 13

1. they are brought on by themselves

2. sinful behaviour.

Question 14

In the 1950’s what major discovery was made for treatment of severe mental illnesses?

Answer 14

psychotropic medications: alters the minds way of thinking/processing.
ex: antipsychotics (major tranquilizer), antidepressants and anxiolytics.

Question 15

The discovery of psychotropic drugs led to _______________ and a rise in ____________. What does this mean for treatment?
(rise of community mental health approach)

Answer 15

A) deinstitutionalization
B) outpatient care.
1. Outpatient care is now a primary mode. Patients that need greater attention are kept for short term hospitalizations or outpatient psychotherapy and medication in community settings.

Question 16

The issue with outpatient care?

Answer 16

Few community based programs are actually available and because of this 40% of those with severe disorders go untreated.

Question 17

Positive Psychology?

Answer 17

the study and promotion of positive feelings, traits and abilities.

Question 18

The influence of insurance companies causes what problem with therapist and patient interaction?(US)

Answer 18

The duration of treatment is not very long, theres a push for medication treatment and this causes a shift from the therapists to insurance companies in terms of control.

Question 19

Canada has what kind of medicare insurance?

Answer 19

3rd party insurance coverage!

Private practitioners = out of pocket payment.