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Psychopathology > Chapter 6: Somatoform and Dissociative Disorders - Lecture > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Somatoform and Dissociative Disorders - Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What are dissociative disorders?

what brings them about?

A
  • syndromes that feature major loses or changes in:
  • Memory
  • consciousness
  • identity but do not have any physical causes
  • brought about via exposure to a powerful stressor
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2
Q

Identity is?

memory?

A

sense of who we are, the characteristics, needs and preferences we have
changes in memory for old and new info without any clear physical issue…

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3
Q

What are the four main dissociative disorders?

A
  • Dissociative amnesia
  • Dissociative fugue
  • Depersonalization/Derealization disorder
  • Dissociative Identity Disorder
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4
Q

Dissociative symptoms are also found in cases of what two disorders?

A
  • ASD and PTSD
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5
Q

Dissociative Amnesia?
(3)
source?

A
  • unable to recall important info about their lives
  • source = upsetting stressor
  • loss of memory is much more than normal forgetting and is not caused by organic factors
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6
Q 
Dissociative Amnesia can be: 
Localized?
Selective?
Generalized? 
Continuous ?
A
  • most common type, loss of all memory of events occurring within a limited period of time
  • loss of memory for some but not all events occurring within a period of time
  • loss of memory, beginning with an event but extending back in time, may lose sense of identity, may fail to recall family and friends
  • forgetting both old and new info and events…very rare
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7
Q

Amnesia interferes primarily with _____ memory aka:?

Semantic memory? Does it remain intact?

A
  • episodic: autobiographical memory of personal memory (common in all disorders of DA)
  • for abstract or encyclopedic info
    L> usually remain intact
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8
Q

Dissociative Fuge?(3)

  • moderate
  • severe
  • identity?
A
  • not only do they forget their personal identity and details of their past they also flee to an entirely different location
  • fugue can be brief, travel short bur do not take a new identity (in some cases)
    -severe?: travel long distances, take on a new identity, build new relationships and display new characteristics from their personality
    (new ones tend to be adaptive)
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9
Q

About __% of the population experience Dissociative fugue. It follows a ?

A
  • 0.2
  • a severely stressful event, personal stress may also trigger it
  • tend to end suddenly
  • tend to regain most if not all memories and never have a recurrence
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10
Q

Depersonalization / Derealization Disorder?(5)

A 
- mind body perception changes: detachment , to step out of one's body and observe self 
L> feeling of unreality 
- one or more can be present 
- recurrent 
-highest in adolescence
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11
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder?

A
  • 2 or more distinct personalities (sub personalities)

- each with a unique set of memories behaviours and thoughts and emotion.

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12
Q

What is personality??

A
  • eduring pattern of perceiving , related to and thinking about the environment and one’s self that exhibited in a wide range of social and personal contests
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13
Q

What is the Host in DID?

A
  • personality that appears more often than the other alters
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14
Q

What is the term switching referring to in DID?

A
  • transition from one sub personality to the next..usually sudden and dramatic
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15
Q

What is the onset of DID?

A

late adolescence or early adult

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16
Q

Symptoms usually begin in ___ after episodes of abuse. Typical onset is before the age of __. The gender ration is? (DID)

A
  • childhood, 5, 3: 1…W vs M
17
Q

Mutually amnesic relationship? (DID)

A
  • sub personalities have NO awareness of each other
18
Q

Mutually cognizant pattern? (DID)

A
  • each sub personality is well aware of the rest
19
Q

One-way amnesic relationship? (DID)

A
  • some are aware of others but awareness is not mutual! (most common)
    L> those who are aware are quiet observers
20
Q

Average number of sub personalities in DID for men and women?

A
  • women: 15

- men: 8

21
Q

How do sub personalities differ??

  • Vital statistics?
  • Abilities and preferences?
  • Physiological responses?
A
  • age, sex, race, family history
  • encyclopedic knowledge is unaffected by dissociative amnesia or fugue but in DID its disturbed
    L> different areas in experience…ex: driving a car, speaking languages.. playing instruments etc
  • differing in ANS, BP and allergies!
22
Q

DID are traditionally ___ diagnoses. Many or all diagnoses are _____, unintentionally produced via practitioners..surfacing only after treatment. (not all) Diagnoses of DID have been increasing recently, thousands in US and Canada alone. What two factors are due to this?

A
  • rare
  • iatrogenic
  • more willing to make such diagnosis
  • diagnostic procedures have become more accurate.
23
Q

What are common features a client will have that is suggesting DID? (8)

A
  • amnesia
  • trancing off
  • behavioural episodes
  • mood complexities
  • head aches
  • self harm
  • written cues
  • unusual self reference
24
Q

Diagnoses related to DID?? (7)

A
  • depression
  • sexual dysfunction
  • personality disorder
  • schizophrenia
  • substance abuse
  • bulimia/anorexia
  • panic disorder
25
Q

Prevalence of DID????
Sex ratio?
Age of onset?
Aetiology?

A
  • unknown (1%)
  • 3 to 9 times more women
  • childhood, 6.8 years old , average of 4 erroneous diagnoses
  • severe repeated abuse, sexual and/or physical less than eight years of age
26
Q

Somatoform disorders are?

A

characterized by an individuals preoccupation with their health or appearance. This preoccupation is so great that it tends to dominate the individuals life. The problems tend to be physical with no organic causes

27
Q

What are the five basic somatoform disorders?

A
  • hypochondriasis
  • somatization disorder
  • conversion disorder
  • pain disorder
  • body dysmorphic disorder
28
Q

Describe Hypochondriasis?
disorder of what?
treatment?

A
  • severe anxiety about the possibility of having a serious disease despite medical reassurances that this is untrue.
  • distorted cognitions, perceptions and emotions
  • Cognitive behavioural therapy
29
Q

Somatization Disorder?HUH(3)
linked to what disorder? (1)
treatment?

A
  • involves an extended history of physical complaints before the age of 30
  • complaints and symptoms control and seriously impair the individuals life sometimes resulting in the individual being on permanent disability.
  • not as worried as developing the disease but are concerned with the symptoms themselves not what they may mean.
  • APD
  • Gatekeeper: physician that decreases the individuals visits to a specialist by only giving referrals to serious concerns.
30
Q

Conversion Disorder? (ALOT going on gl)

Treatment??

A
  • complaints of physical malfunctioning without medical evidence
  • four steps via freud..not empirically supported
  • developed via stressful life event that the individual wants to escape, socially unacceptable to run away so they get sick ( a socially acceptable escape) BUT its socially unacceptable to fake sickness so it is created unconsciously
    L>if successfully avoided the behaviour is reinforced maintaining the illness
  • identifying stressor and eliminate any extra attention or special treatment individuals receive due to illness
31
Q

Pain Disorder?
explain (2)
associated with? (3)

A
  • experiences localized pain which is maintained by psychological factors
  • pain experienced is real and hurts
  • associated with psychological, physical or medical conditions.
32
Q

Body Dysmorphic disorder?

  • description
  • causation?
  • comorbidity with?
  • treatment?
A
  • relatively normal looking people imagine they are so ugly they are unable to interact with others or otherwise function normally
  • no real evidence on causes
  • comorbidity with OCD is seen
    -exposure/response prevention
    L> drugs like prozac and anafranil

Psychopathology (19 decks)

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