Chapter 7: Mood Disorders - Lecture Flashcards
Depression?
low sad state in which life seems dark and overwhelming
Mania?
- state of breathless euphoria and frenzied energy
Most people with a mood disorder only experience ____ which means they have a ___ disorder.
depression
unipolar
Unipolar?
- person has no history of mania, mood returns to normal when depression lifts.
L> some people will exp alts with mania ( Bipolar)
Economic cost of MD every year in NA?
~40 billion
Unipolar Depression?
- depression is described as general sadness or unhappiness
- severe long lasting psychological pain that may intensify over time.
How common is Unipolar Depression?
-% of the adult population will exp severe unipolar depression.
-% exp mild depression
~_% of the world pop exp unipolar depression in their lifetime
Gender diff? women are __ vs men to exp severe depression
5-1-%
3-5%
17%
x2
What is the life time prevalence of Unipolar depression? __% women __% men. Stable across cultures and socioeconomic groups
26% 12%
About __% with unipolar depression recover in __ weeks some without treatment BUT most will exp another episode. (recurrent)
50%
6 weeks
What are the five areas of symptoms in Unipolar depression?
Emotional motivational behavioural cognitive physical
Emotional Symptoms? (UniD)
- miserable, empty, humiliated …don’t want to be around
Motivational Symptoms (UniD)
- lack drive, initiative, spontaneity
- 6 to 15% with severe depression commit suicide
Behavioural Symptoms (UniD)
-less active less productive , disturbed sleep
Cognitive Symptoms (UniD)
- hold negative opinion of themselves
- blame themselves for unfortunate events
Physical Symptoms (UniD)
- headaches, dizzy spells, general pain
Diagnosing UniD ….There are two criteria Criteria 1: -how many symptoms and duration -extreme symptoms (2) Criteria 2: ????????????????? ^_^ JK
- 5 or more lasting 2+ weeks
- hallucinations and delusions (psychotic)
- > no history of mania
There are two diagnoses to consider with UniD what are they?
Major Depressive Disorder and Dysthymic Disorder
Major depressive Disorder??
- Criteria 1 and 2 are met
Dysthymic Disorder??
- mild but chronic
- long lasting but less disabling depression
- ~ 2 years of symptoms
- this can lead to MDD which is called double depression
Stress and UniD????
- Exogenous and Endogenous??
- may trigger UniD
- MDD: experience many highly stressful events a month prior to symptoms expression
Psychodynamic Model of UniD ?WTF
- loss and grief
- anger/ambivalent feelings, conflict turned inwards, not strongly supported
Behavioural Model of UniD okay..
- modestly supported by research
Cognitive Model: Learned Helplessness ( Loss of control and responsible for their state) UniD
- negative thinking
- NATs errors in thinking and defeatist attitudes
- has considerable support
Bipolar Disorder?
- experience both the lows of depression and the highs of mania
Symptoms of Mania??
five areas are?
- dramatic and inappropriate rises in mood
- emotional, motivational, behavioural, cognitive and physical
Emotional Symptoms of BiD
- active, powerful emotions in search of an outlet
Motivational Symptoms of BiD
- need constant excitement, involvement and companionship
Behavioural Symptoms of BiD
- very active, move quickly, talk loud or rapidly, pressured
(Flamboyance)
Cognitive Symptoms of BiD
- poor judgement or planning
- prone to poor planning/none- increases in risky behaviour
Physical Symptoms of BiD
- high energy level- often in the presence of little to no rest
Diagnosing of Bipolar?? Two criteria? Criteria 1: -symptom amount and duration -extreme cases? Criteria 2: history of?
- 3 or more, lasting a week plus
L> psychotic symptoms - history of mania and if exp depression or mania atm
Two kinds of Bipolar what are they?
Bipolar I Disorder and Bipolar II Disorder
Bipolar I Disorder?
- full manic and major depressive episodes
- most sufferers exp an alt in episodes
- cycling
- some exp mixed ones
- *most common
Bipolar II Disorder?
- hypomanic episodes and major depressive episodes
Approximately -% of adults in the world suffer from a BiD @ any given point
Gender diff?
Is prevalence the same across socio-economic and ethnic groups?
1-1.5%
- no gender diff
- yes
What is the onset of BiD?
- 15-44 years (between) ….eventually subside only to recover at a later time
Cyclothymic Disorder??? (last diagnostic option for BiD)
- symptoms
- duration of symptoms
- periods of?
- development?
- stats
- numerous episodes of hypomania and mild depressive symptoms
- ~ 2 years +
- interrupted by periods of normal mood
- Can (many do) develop into BDI or BDII
- .4% of the pop have this
Lithium Therapy??
- affects ?
- called a ?
- therapeutic window? GO
- stats for improvement
- episode rates on drug?
- could be a prophylactic drug?? HUH
- affective in treating BD and mania
- mood stabilizer
- small therapeutic window
L> too low= no effect
L> too high= lithium intoxication - 60% have improvement
- lower rates of episodes while on drug
- prophylactic: may prevent symptom onset!
