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Psychopathology > Chapter 7: Mood Disorders - Lecture > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Mood Disorders - Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Depression?

A

low sad state in which life seems dark and overwhelming

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2
Q

Mania?

A
  • state of breathless euphoria and frenzied energy
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3
Q

Most people with a mood disorder only experience ____ which means they have a ___ disorder.

A

depression

unipolar

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4
Q

Unipolar?

A
  • person has no history of mania, mood returns to normal when depression lifts.
    L> some people will exp alts with mania ( Bipolar)
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5
Q

Economic cost of MD every year in NA?

A

~40 billion

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6
Q

Unipolar Depression?

A
  • depression is described as general sadness or unhappiness

- severe long lasting psychological pain that may intensify over time.

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7
Q

How common is Unipolar Depression?
-% of the adult population will exp severe unipolar depression.
-% exp mild depression
~_% of the world pop exp unipolar depression in their lifetime
Gender diff? women are __ vs men to exp severe depression

A

5-1-%
3-5%
17%
x2

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8
Q

What is the life time prevalence of Unipolar depression? __% women __% men. Stable across cultures and socioeconomic groups

A

26% 12%

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9
Q

About __% with unipolar depression recover in __ weeks some without treatment BUT most will exp another episode. (recurrent)

A

50%

6 weeks

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10
Q

What are the five areas of symptoms in Unipolar depression?

A 
Emotional 
motivational 
behavioural 
cognitive
physical
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11
Q

Emotional Symptoms? (UniD)

A
  • miserable, empty, humiliated …don’t want to be around
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12
Q

Motivational Symptoms (UniD)

A
  • lack drive, initiative, spontaneity

- 6 to 15% with severe depression commit suicide

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13
Q

Behavioural Symptoms (UniD)

A

-less active less productive , disturbed sleep

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14
Q

Cognitive Symptoms (UniD)

A
  • hold negative opinion of themselves

- blame themselves for unfortunate events

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15
Q

Physical Symptoms (UniD)

A
  • headaches, dizzy spells, general pain
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16
Q 
Diagnosing UniD ….There are two criteria
Criteria 1: 
-how many symptoms and duration
-extreme symptoms (2)
Criteria 2: 
????????????????? ^_^ JK
A
  • 5 or more lasting 2+ weeks
  • hallucinations and delusions (psychotic)
  • > no history of mania
17
Q

There are two diagnoses to consider with UniD what are they?

A

Major Depressive Disorder and Dysthymic Disorder

18
Q

Major depressive Disorder??

A
  • Criteria 1 and 2 are met
19
Q

Dysthymic Disorder??

A
  • mild but chronic
  • long lasting but less disabling depression
  • ~ 2 years of symptoms
  • this can lead to MDD which is called double depression
20
Q

Stress and UniD????

- Exogenous and Endogenous??

A
  • may trigger UniD

- MDD: experience many highly stressful events a month prior to symptoms expression

21
Q

Psychodynamic Model of UniD ?WTF

A
  • loss and grief

- anger/ambivalent feelings, conflict turned inwards, not strongly supported

22
Q

Behavioural Model of UniD okay..

A
  • modestly supported by research
23
Q

Cognitive Model: Learned Helplessness ( Loss of control and responsible for their state) UniD

A
  • negative thinking
  • NATs errors in thinking and defeatist attitudes
  • has considerable support
24
Q

Bipolar Disorder?

A
  • experience both the lows of depression and the highs of mania
25
Q

Symptoms of Mania??

five areas are?

A
  • dramatic and inappropriate rises in mood

- emotional, motivational, behavioural, cognitive and physical

26
Q

Emotional Symptoms of BiD

A
  • active, powerful emotions in search of an outlet
27
Q

Motivational Symptoms of BiD

A
  • need constant excitement, involvement and companionship
28
Q

Behavioural Symptoms of BiD

A
  • very active, move quickly, talk loud or rapidly, pressured
    (Flamboyance)
29
Q

Cognitive Symptoms of BiD

A
  • poor judgement or planning

- prone to poor planning/none- increases in risky behaviour

30
Q

Physical Symptoms of BiD

A
  • high energy level- often in the presence of little to no rest
31
Q 
Diagnosing of Bipolar?? Two criteria?
Criteria 1: 
-symptom amount and duration
-extreme cases?
Criteria 2: 
history of?
A
  • 3 or more, lasting a week plus
    L> psychotic symptoms
  • history of mania and if exp depression or mania atm
32
Q

Two kinds of Bipolar what are they?

A

Bipolar I Disorder and Bipolar II Disorder

33
Q

Bipolar I Disorder?

A
  • full manic and major depressive episodes
  • most sufferers exp an alt in episodes
  • cycling
  • some exp mixed ones
  • *most common
34
Q

Bipolar II Disorder?

A
  • hypomanic episodes and major depressive episodes
35
Q

Approximately -% of adults in the world suffer from a BiD @ any given point
Gender diff?
Is prevalence the same across socio-economic and ethnic groups?

A

1-1.5%

  • no gender diff
  • yes
36
Q

What is the onset of BiD?

A
  • 15-44 years (between) ….eventually subside only to recover at a later time
37
Q

Cyclothymic Disorder??? (last diagnostic option for BiD)

  • symptoms
  • duration of symptoms
  • periods of?
  • development?
  • stats
A
  • numerous episodes of hypomania and mild depressive symptoms
  • ~ 2 years +
  • interrupted by periods of normal mood
  • Can (many do) develop into BDI or BDII
  • .4% of the pop have this
38
Q

Lithium Therapy??

  • affects ?
  • called a ?
  • therapeutic window? GO
  • stats for improvement
  • episode rates on drug?
  • could be a prophylactic drug?? HUH
A
  • affective in treating BD and mania
  • mood stabilizer
  • small therapeutic window
    L> too low= no effect
    L> too high= lithium intoxication
  • 60% have improvement
  • lower rates of episodes while on drug
  • prophylactic: may prevent symptom onset!

Psychopathology (19 decks)

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