Chapter 9-Personal Outline

Question 1

__________: a catabolic process that degraded sugars and other organic fuel.

Answer 1

Fermentation

Question 2

____________: the most efficient catabolic pathway in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel.

Answer 2

Aerobic Respiration

Question 3

_______________: includes both Aerobic and Anaerobic cellular respiration.

Answer 3

Cellular Respiration:

Question 4

_______________: oxidation-reduction reactions. An exchange reaction or sorts.

Answer 4

Redox Reactions

Question 5

_________________________________: the loss of electrons from a substance

Answer 5

Oxidation

Question 6

______________: the addition of electrons to another substance

Answer 6

Reduction

Question 7

_______________: the electron donor

Answer 7

Reducing Agent

Question 8

________________: the electron acceptor

Answer 8

Oxidizing Agent

Question 9

____________: a vitamin and coenzyme, which carries electrons.

Answer 9

NAD+

Question 10

____________________: Consist of a number of molecules mostly proteins built into the inner membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells.

Answer 10

Electron Transport Chain

Question 11

_______________: the metabolic breakdown of glucose. They majority of the breakdown are done by the cytosol.

Answer 11

Glycolysis

Question 12

______________: the breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide. This is the final step in the breakdown of glucose.

Answer 12

Citric Acid Cycle

Question 13

___________________: redox reactions and electron transport chains power ATP synthesis.

Answer 13

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 14

_________________: a smaller amount of ATP is formed directly in a few reactions of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle by these mechanisms. They are a type of enzymatic reaction

Answer 14

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 15

• Glycolysis harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate.

Answer 15

• After pyruvate is oxidized, the citric acid cycle completes the energy yielding oxidation of organic molecules.

Question 16

________: upon entering the mitochondrion via active transport, pyruvate is first converted to compound called acetyl coenzyme.

Answer 16

Acetyl CoA

Question 17

______________: the remaining electron carries between ubiquinone and oxygen.

Answer 17

Cytochromes

Question 18

_________________: The population of the inner membrane of the mitochondrion or the prokaryotic plasma membrane is many copies of protein complexes.

Answer 18

ATP synthase

Question 19

____________________: the process in which energy stored in the form of hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane is used to drive cellular work such as the synthesis of ATP.

Answer 19

Chemiosmosis

Question 20

______________________: the H+ concentration gradient in cells.

Answer 20

Proton Motive Force

Question 21

_____________ is an energy-coupling mechanism that uses energy stored in the form of an ______________

Answer 21

Chemiosmosis

H+ gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work

Question 22

____________________: pyruvate is converted to ethanol in two steps. The first step releases carbon dioxide from pyruvate.

Answer 22

Alcohol Fermentation:

Question 23

_________________: pyruvate is reduced directly by NADH to form lactate as an end product with no release of CO2

Answer 23

Lactic Acid Fermentation:

Question 24

__________________: carry out only fermentation or anaerobic processes.

Answer 24

Obligated Anaerobes:

Question 25

________________: organisms that can make ATP to survive using fermentation or respiration

Answer 25

Facultative Anaerobes:

Question 26

____________________: a process which breaks down fatty acids to two carbon fragments, which later enter the citric acid cycle as Acetyl CoA.

Answer 26

Beta Oxidation: